Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Tobamoviruses

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Illustrations

Nomenclature

ICTV reference

ICTV decimal code 71.0.1.

Definitive species

• Cucumber green mottle mosaic tobamovirus
• Frangipani mosaic tobamovirus
• Kyuri green mottle mosaic tobamovirus
• Odontoglossum ringspot tobamovirus
• Paprika mild mottle tobamovirus
• Pepper mild mottle tobamovirus
• Ribgrass mosaic tobamovirus
• Opuntia Sammons' tobamovirus
• Sunn-hemp mosaic tobamovirus
• Tobacco mild green mosaic tobamovirus
• Tobacco mosaic tobamovirus
• Tomato mosaic tobamovirus
• Ullucus mild mottle tobamovirus

Tentative species

• Hibiscus yellow mosaic (?) tobamovirus
• Maracuja mosaic (?) tobamovirus
• Potato 14R (?) tobamovirus
• Rose (?) tobamovirus

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist (11/12), or vary seasonally (1/12), or disappear soon after infection (1/12).

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector (1/12), or means not involving a vector (12/12); an insect (1/1); Coleoptera (1/1). Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation (16/16); transmitted by grafting (7/7); transmitted by contact between plants (7/7); transmitted by seed (5/7), or not transmitted by seed (2/7); not transmitted by pollen (3/3).

Experimental host range

Many (>9) families susceptible (4/16), or several (3-9) families susceptible (8/16), or few (<3) families susceptible (4/16).

Susceptible host species

• Amaranthus caudatus (3)
• Amaranthus retroflexus (1)
• Antirrhinum majus (1)
• Beta vulgaris (5)
• Brassica campestris (1)
• Brassica campestris ssp. napus (1)
• Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis (1)
• Brassica campestris ssp. rapa (1)
• Brassica juncea (1)
• Brassica nigra (1)
• Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (1)
• Brassica oleracea var. capitata (1)
• Cajanus cajan (1)
• Capsicum annuum (5)
• Capsicum baccatum (1)
• Capsicum cardenasii (1)
• Capsicum chacoense (1)
• Capsicum chinense (1)
• Capsicum eximium (1)
• Capsicum frutescens (6)
• Capsicum microcarpum (1)
• Capsicum praetermissum (1)
• Capsicum pubescens (1)
• Cassia occidentalis (1)
• Cassia tora (1)
• Catharanthus roseus (1)
• Chenopodium album (2)
• Chenopodium amaranticolor (13)
• Chenopodium ambrosioides (1)
• Chenopodium capitatum (2)
• Chenopodium foliosum (1)
• Chenopodium hybridum (2)
• Chenopodium murale (8)
• Chenopodium quinoa (12)
• Cichorium endiva (1)
• Citrullus lanatus (2)
• Citrullus vulgaris (1)
• Crotalaria juncea (1)
• Crotalaria retusa (1)
• Crotalaria spectabilis (1)
• Cucumis melo (2)
• Cucumis sativus (8)
• Cucurbita maxima (2)
• Cucurbita moschata (3)
• Cucurbita pepo (2)
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (2)
• Cymbidium alexanderi (1)
• Cyphomandra betacea (1)
• Datura metel (4)
• Datura stramonium (11)
• Datura tatula (3)
• Digitalis lanata (1)
• Eryngium aquaticum (1)
• Eryngium planum (1)
• Eutrema wasabi (1)
• Gomphrena globosa (7)
• Helianthus annuus (1)
• Hibiscus (1)
• Hordeum vulgare (1)
• Hyoscyamus niger (1)
• Lablab purpureus (1)
• Lactuca sativa (2)
• Lagenaria siceraria (1)
• Luffa acutangula (1)
• Lupinus albus (1)
• Lycopersicon chilense (2)
• Lycopersicon esculentum (8)
• Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (3)
• Melandrium album (1)
• Momordica charantia (1)
• Montia perfoliata (1)
• Mucuna aterrima (1)
• Nicandra physalodes (4)
• Nicotiana benthamiana (6)
• Nicotiana bigelovii (1)
• Nicotiana clevelandii (11)
• Nicotiana debneyi (6)
• Nicotiana glauca (1)
• Nicotiana glutinosa (13)
• Nicotiana glutinosa × N. clevelandii (1)
• Nicotiana megalosiphon (4)
• Nicotiana occidentalis (1)
• Nicotiana rustica (7)
• Nicotiana sylvestris (6)
• Nicotiana tabacum (15)
• Nicotiana × edwardsonii (1)
• Ocimum basilicum (3)
• Odontoglossum grande (1)
• Opuntia engelmannii (1)
• Papaver nudicaule (1)
• Passiflora edulis (1)
• Petunia × hybrida (11)
• Phaseolus lunatus (1)
• Phaseolus vulgaris (4)
• Phlox drummondii (1)
• Physalis floridana (6)
• Physalis peruviana (4)
• Pisum sativum (3)
• Plantago lanceolata (1)
• Plantago major (1)
• Plumeria acutifolia (1)
• Plumeria alba (1)
• Raphanus sativus (1)
• Rorippa amphibia (1)
• Rorippa sylvestris (1)
• Rosa (1)
• Salvia splendens (1)
• Sesbania exaltata (1)
• Sisymbrium loeselii (1)
• Solanum giganteum (1)
• Solanum melongena (5)
• Solanum nigrum (3)
• Solanum pseudocapsicastrum (1)
• Solanum tuberosum (2)
• Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena × S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum (1)
• Spinacia oleracea (4)
• Stellaria media (1)
• Tetragonia tetragonioides (4)
• Trifolium subterraneum (1)
• Triticum aestivum (1)
• Tropaeolum majus (2)
• Ullucus tuberosus (1)
• Vicia faba (2)
• Vigna unguiculata (3)
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica (1)
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis (2)
• Zinnia elegans (3)

Insusceptible host species

• Abelmoschus esculentus (1/14)
• Apium graveolens (1/14)
• Arachis hypogaea (1/14)
• Avena sativa (1/14)
• Bellis perennis (1/14)
• Beta vulgaris (1/14)
• Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis (3/14)
• Brassica campestris ssp. rapa (1/14)
• Cajanus cajan (1/14)
• Capsella bursa-pastoris (1/14)
• Capsicum annuum (4/14)
• Capsicum frutescens (2/14)
• Catharanthus roseus (3/14)
• Cheiranthus cheiri (1/14)
• Chenopodium amaranticolor (2/14)
• Chenopodium foetidum (1/14)
• Chrysanthemum morifolium (1/14)
• Citrullus vulgaris (1/14)
• Clitoria ternatea (1/14)
• Cucumis melo (2/14)
• Cucumis sativus (4/14)
• Cucurbita pepo (2/14)
• Cyphomandra betacea (1/14)
• Dahlia pinnata (1/14)
• Datura metel (1/14)
• Datura stramonium (1/14)
• Daucus carota (1/14)
• Dianthus barbatus (1/14)
• Glycine max (1/14)
• Gomphrena globosa (2/14)
• Gossypium hirsutum (1/14)
• Helianthus annuus (1/14)
• Hordeum vulgare (1/14)
• Ipomoea nil (1/14)
• Ipomoea setosa (1/14)
• Lablab purpureus (1/14)
• Lactuca sativa (2/14)
• Lycopersicon esculentum (4/14)
• Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (1/14)
• Macrotyloma uniflorum (1/14)
• Matthiola incana (2/14)
• Montia perfoliata (1/14)
• Nicotiana glauca (1/14)
• Nicotiana glutinosa (2/14)
• Nicotiana megalosiphon (1/14)
• Nicotiana rustica (2/14)
• Nicotiana sylvestris (1/14)
• Ocimum basilicum (1/14)
• Pastinaca sativa (1/14)
• Petroselinum crispum (1/14)
• Petunia × hybrida (2/14)
• Phaseolus acutifolius (1/14)
• Phaseolus vulgaris (6/14)
• Pisum sativum (3/14)
• Raphanus sativus (2/14)
• Rumex acetosa (1/14)
• Salvia splendens (1/14)
• Secale cereale (1/14)
• Sesamum indicum (1/14)
• Sinningia speciosa (1/14)
• Solanum melongena (1/14)
• Solanum nigrum (1/14)
• Solanum tuberosum (2/14)
• Spinacia oleracea (2/14)
• Stellaria media (1/14)
• Tetragonia tetragonioides (1/14)
• Trifolium incarnatum (2/14)
• Trifolium repens (1/14)
• Triticum aestivum (1/14)
• Vicia faba (4/14)
• Vicia sativa (1/14)
• Vigna unguiculata (4/14)
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica (2/14)
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis (2/14)
• Zea mays (1/14)
• Zinnia elegans (3/14)

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (7)
• Apocynaceae (2)
• Basellaceae (1)
• Cactaceae (1)
• Caryophyllaceae (1)
• Chenopodiaceae (15)
• Compositae (4)
• Cruciferae (1)
• Cucurbitaceae (8)
• Gramineae (1)
• Labiatae (4)
• Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (6)
• Malvaceae (1)
• Orchidaceae (1)
• Papaveraceae (1)
• Passifloraceae (1)
• Plantaginaceae (1)
• Polemoniaceae (1)
• Portulacaceae (1)
• Rosaceae (1)
• Scrophulariaceae (2)
• Solanaceae (16)
• Tetragoniaceae (4)
• Tropaeolaceae (2)
• Umbelliferae (1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (2/14)
• Apocynaceae (3/14)
• Caryophyllaceae (1/14)
• Chenopodiaceae (4/14)
• Compositae (4/14)
• Convolvulaceae (1/14)
• Cruciferae (5/14)
• Cucurbitaceae (6/14)
• Gesneriaceae (1/14)
• Gramineae (1/14)
• Labiatae (2/14)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (11/14)
• Malvaceae (2/14)
• Pedaliaceae (1/14)
• Polygonaceae (1/14)
• Portulacaceae (1/14)
• Solanaceae (11/14)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/14)
• Umbelliferae (1/14)

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 80-91.5-95 °C. LIV: 30-3898-35000 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 5 (2/11), or 6 (8/11), or 7 (7/11), or 8 (1/11), or 10 (1/11). Infectivity of sap not changed by treatment with di-ethyl ether (6/6). Leaf sap contains few virions (1/15), or contains many virions (14/15).

Particle morphology

Virions rod-shaped; not enveloped (15/15); usually straight (16/16); with a clear modal length (16), or with no clear modal length (1); of 297-303.3-320 nm; 15-17.26-18.2 nm wide. Axial canal obvious (14/16), or obscure (2/16); 2-3.257-4 nm in diameter. Basic helix obvious (11/12), or obscure (1/12); pitch of basic helix 2.3-2.314-2.4 nm.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations (11/13), or two sedimenting components in purified preparations (1/13), or three sedimenting components in purified preparations (1/13); sedimentation coefficient 176-190.8-212 S; of the other(s) 35-87-119 S. Density 1.25-1.317-1.37 g cm^-3 in CsCl. Isoelectric point pH 3.16-3.853-4.64. A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 0.63-1.113-1.33.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 5 % nucleic acid; 95 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA (12/12); single-stranded (12/12); linear (9/9). Total genome size 6.355-6.453-6.5 kb. Genome unipartite (11/11); largest (or only) genome part 6.355-6.453-6.5 kb. Base composition 23-24.32-25.8 % G; 24.6-27.92-29.8 % A; 18-19.02-20.6 % C; 26.3-28.72-31.6 % U. 5´ terminus of RNA has a methylated nucleotide cap (3/3). Infectivity retained when deproteinised with proteases (2/5), or decreased when deproteinised with proteases (3/5); retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent (7/7). Poly A region absent (3/3). Additional factor not required for infectivity (6/6). Genome has tRNA-like activity (3/3).

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid found in the virions (4/5), or not found in the virions (1/5); is subgenomic mRNA (4/4), or host genomic RNA (1/4). Sub-genomic mRNA found in infected cells (6/6).

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one (12/14), or two (2/14); M_r 17000-18820-26500. M_r of 2nd largest 15900-16700-17500.

Virus-coded non-virion proteins identified by genomic sequence analysis (1/1); four proteins found (1/1). M_r 182900. M_r of 2nd largest 125900. M_r of 3rd 54000. M_r of 4th 30000.

Replication

Genome replicates in cytoplasm (2/2). Replication does not depend on a helper virus (10/10).

Cytopathology

Virions found in cytoplasm (12/12), or in nuclei (2/12), or in chloroplasts (2/12), or in cell vacuoles (3/12). Inclusions present in infected cells (12/12); are crystals in the cytoplasm (10/12), or amorphous X-bodies (5/12), or viroplasms (1/12), or unusual in shape (3/12); they contain virions (9/9), or they do not contain virions (1/9).

Taxonomy and relationships

No data available.

Illustrations

Electron micrograph.

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Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.

Please send comments, corrections and suggestions to: vide-manager@biology.anu.edu.au