Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Nucleorhabdoviruses: Rhabdoviridae

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Illustrations

Nomenclature

ICTV reference

ICTV decimal code 62.0.5.

Definitive species

• Carrot latent nucleorhabdovirus
• Coriander feathery red vein nucleorhabdovirus
• Cow parsnip mosaic nucleorhabdovirus
• Cynodon chlorotic streak nucleorhabdovirus
• Datura yellow vein nucleorhabdovirus
• Eggplant mottled dwarf nucleorhabdovirus
• Maize mosaic nucleorhabdovirus
• Pittosporum vein yellowing nucleorhabdovirus
• Potato yellow dwarf nucleorhabdovirus
• Sonchus yellow net nucleorhabdovirus
• Sowthistle yellow vein nucleorhabdovirus
• Tomato vein clearing nucleorhabdovirus
• Wheat American striate mosaic nucleorhabdovirus

Tentative species

• Butterbur (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Caper vein yellowing (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Cereal chlorotic mottle (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Chondrilla juncea stunting (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Clover enation (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Coffee ringspot (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Croton vein yellowing (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Cynara (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Finger millet mosaic (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Gloriosa fleck (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Gomphrena (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Laburnum yellow vein (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Lotus streak (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Lucerne enation (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Maize Iranian mosaic (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Maize streak dwarf (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Passionfruit (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Pineapple chlorotic leaf streak (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Poplar vein yellowing (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Raspberry vein chlorosis (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Red clover mosaic (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Rice transitory yellowing (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Ryegrass bacilliform (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Sorghum stunt mosaic (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Sweet clover latent (?) nucleorhabdovirus
• Thyme (?) nucleorhabdovirus

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist (18/20), or vary seasonally (2/20), or disappear soon after infection (1/20).

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector (19/19); an insect (18/19), or a mite (1/19); Aphididae (7/17), or Cicadellidae (4/17), or Delphacidae (6/17). Transmitted in a persistent manner (13/13). Virus retained when the vector moults (7/8), or lost by the vector when it moults (1/8); multiplies in the vector (8/8); transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector (2/6), or not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector (4/6); transmitted by mechanical inoculation (10/25), or not transmitted by mechanical inoculation (15/25); transmitted by grafting (11/11); transmitted by contact between plants (1/10), or not transmitted by contact between plants (9/10); not transmitted by seed (14/14); transmitted by pollen to the seed (1/7), or not transmitted by pollen (6/7).

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible (2/24), or few (<3) families susceptible (22/24).

Susceptible host species

• Ananas comosus (1/38)
• Anthriscus sylvestris (1/38)
• Apium graveolens (1/38)
• Avena sativa (2/38)
• Bidens pilosa (1/38)
• Bromus inermis (1/38)
• Bromus secalinus (1/38)
• Bromus tectorum (1/38)
• Capparis spinosa (1/38)
• Capsicum annuum (2/38)
• Chenopodium amaranticolor (4/38)
• Chenopodium murale (1/38)
• Chenopodium quinoa (4/38)
• Chondrilla juncea (1/38)
• Chrysanthemum leucanthemum (1/38)
• Codiaeum variegatum (1/38)
• Coffea arabica (1/38)
• Coriandrum sativum (1/38)
• Cynara scolymus (1/38)
• Cynara syriaca (1/38)
• Cynodon dactylon (1/38)
• Datura metel (2/38)
• Datura stramonium (3/38)
• Daucus carota (2/38)
• Digitaria ciliaris (1/38)
• Dinebra retroflexa (1/38)
• Echinochloa (1/38)
• Echinochloa colona (1/38)
• Echinochloa crus-galli (1/38)
• Eleusine coracana (2/38)
• Eragrostis cilianensis (2/38)
• Foeniculum vulgare (1/38)
• Fragaria vesca (1/38)
• Gloriosa rothschildiana (1/38)
• Gomphrena globosa (3/38)
• Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (2/38)
• Hordeum vulgare (3/38)
• Laburnum anagyroides (1/38)
• Lactuca sativa (2/38)
• Leptochloa filiformis (1/38)
• Lolium multiflorum (1/38)
• Lolium multiflorum × L. perenne (1/38)
• Lolium perenne (2/38)
• Lonicera (2/38)
• Lycopersicon esculentum (4/38)
• Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (2/38)
• Medicago sativa (1/38)
• Melilotus albus (1/38)
• Melilotus officinalis (1/38)
• Nelumbo nucifera (1/38)
• Nicandra physalodes (1/38)
• Nicotiana alata (1/38)
• Nicotiana benthamiana (4/38)
• Nicotiana cavicola (1/38)
• Nicotiana clevelandii (4/38)
• Nicotiana debneyi (3/38)
• Nicotiana glauca (1/38)
• Nicotiana glutinosa (9/38)
• Nicotiana glutinosa × N. clevelandii (1/38)
• Nicotiana langsdorffii (2/38)
• Nicotiana megalosiphon (2/38)
• Nicotiana occidentalis (1/38)
• Nicotiana rustica (4/38)
• Nicotiana sylvestris (1/38)
• Nicotiana tabacum (4/38)
• Nicotiana × edwardsonii (3/38)
• Oryza sativa (1/38)
• Oryza sativa var. japonica (1/38)
• Panicum capillare (1/38)
• Panicum miliaceum (1/38)
• Passiflora edulis (1/38)
• Pastinaca sativa (1/38)
• Petasites officinalis (1/38)
• Petroselinum crispum (1/38)
• Petunia × hybrida (3/38)
• Physalis floridana (2/38)
• Physalis ixocarpa (1/38)
• Pittosporum tobira (1/38)
• Populus balsamifera (1/38)
• Rottboellia exaltata (1/38)
• Rubus idaeus (1/38)
• Secale cereale (1/38)
• Setaria verticillata (1/38)
• Setaria viridis (1/38)
• Setaria vulpiseta (1/38)
• Solanum melongena (3/38)
• Solanum nigrum (2/38)
• Solanum sodomaeum (2/38)
• Solanum tuberosum (1/38)
• Sonchus oleraceus (2/38)
• Sorghum bicolor (1/38)
• Sorghum sudanense (1/38)
• Sorghum vulgare (1/38)
• Tetragonia tetragonioides (1/38)
• Thunbergia alata (1/38)
• Thymus × citriodorus (1/38)
• Trifolium incarnatum (3/38)
• Trifolium pratense (1/38)
• Trifolium repens (1/38)
• Triticum aestivum (2/38)
• Triticum dicoccum (1/38)
• Triticum durum (1/38)
• Triticum vulgare (1/38)
• Urochloa panicoides (1/38)
• Vicia faba (2/38)
• × Triticosecale (1/38)
• Zea mays (7/38)
• Zinnia elegans (1/38)

Insusceptible host species

• Agrostis alba (1/15)
• Anagyris foetida (1/15)
• Apium graveolens (1/15)
• Arachis hypogaea (1/15)
• Avena sativa (2/15)
• Beta vulgaris (1/15)
• Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis (1/15)
• Brassica campestris ssp. napus (1/15)
• Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis (1/15)
• Brassica campestris ssp. rapa (1/15)
• Capsicum annuum (3/15)
• Capsicum frutescens (2/15)
• Cassia occidentalis (1/15)
• Catharanthus roseus (2/15)
• Celosia cristata (1/15)
• Chenopodium amaranticolor (4/15)
• Chenopodium murale (1/15)
• Chenopodium quinoa (4/15)
• Chloris gayana (1/15)
• Citrullus lanatus (1/15)
• Cucumis melo (1/15)
• Cucumis sativus (6/15)
• Cucurbita maxima (1/15)
• Cucurbita moschata (1/15)
• Cucurbita pepo (4/15)
• Dactylis glomerata (1/15)
• Datura stramonium (3/15)
• Digitaria decumbens (1/15)
• Diodia teres (1/15)
• Echinochloa colona (1/15)
• Echinochloa crus-galli (1/15)
• Elytrigia intermedia (1/15)
• Elytrigia repens (1/15)
• Fragaria vesca (1/15)
• Genipa americana (1/15)
• Glycine max (1/15)
• Gomphrena globosa (5/15)
• Hamelia patens (1/15)
• Hordeum vulgare (2/15)
• Lactuca sativa (3/15)
• Lycopersicon esculentum (3/15)
• Manetia cordifolia (1/15)
• Medicago sativa (1/15)
• Nicandra physalodes (2/15)
• Nicotiana clevelandii (3/15)
• Nicotiana glutinosa (1/15)
• Nicotiana physalodes (1/15)
• Nicotiana rustica (2/15)
• Nicotiana sylvestris (1/15)
• Nicotiana tabacum (6/15)
• Ocimum basilicum (2/15)
• Oryza sativa (2/15)
• Paspalum dilatatum (1/15)
• Petunia × hybrida (2/15)
• Phaseolus vulgaris (6/15)
• Phleum pratense (1/15)
• Physalis floridana (3/15)
• Pisum sativum (2/15)
• Poa compressa (1/15)
• Poa pratensis (1/15)
• Rubus occidentalis (1/15)
• Solanum melongena (2/15)
• Solanum nigrum (1/15)
• Solanum tuberosum (4/15)
• Sonchus oleraceus (1/15)
• Sorghum bicolor (1/15)
• Spinacia oleracea (1/15)
• Tetragonia tetragonioides (2/15)
• Triticum aestivum (1/15)
• Triticum vulgare (1/15)
• Tropaeolum majus (1/15)
• Vicia faba (1/15)
• Vigna radiata (2/15)
• Vigna unguiculata (3/15)
• Zea mays (2/15)
• Zinnia elegans (2/15)

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (3/38)
• Bromeliaceae (1/38)
• Capparidaceae (1/38)
• Caprifoliaceae (2/38)
• Chenopodiaceae (6/38)
• Colchicaceae (1/38)
• Compositae (6/38)
• Euphorbiaceae (1/38)
• Gramineae (10/38)
• Labiatae (1/38)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (6/38)
• Malvaceae (2/38)
• Nelumbonaceae (1/38)
• Passifloraceae (1/38)
• Pittosporaceae (1/38)
• Rosaceae (1/38)
• Rubiaceae (1/38)
• Salicaceae (1/38)
• Solanaceae (10/38)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/38)
• Thunbergiaceae (1/38)
• Umbelliferae (2/38)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (6/15)
• Apocynaceae (2/15)
• Chenopodiaceae (5/15)
• Compositae (4/15)
• Cruciferae (1/15)
• Cucurbitaceae (6/15)
• Gramineae (6/15)
• Labiatae (2/15)
• Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (1/15)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (8/15)
• Rosaceae (2/15)
• Rubiaceae (1/15)
• Solanaceae (9/15)
• Tetragoniaceae (2/15)
• Tropaeolaceae (1/15)
• Umbelliferae (1/15)

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 40-54-75 °C. LIV: 0.12-7.564-44 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 2 (1/8), or 3 (5/8), or 4 (4/8), or 5 (3/8). Infectivity of sap decreased by treatment with di-ethyl ether (3/3). Leaf sap contains few virions (10/15), or contains many virions (5/15).

Particle morphology

Virions bacilliform (1/37), or rhabdo- or bullet-shaped (37/37); enveloped (24/24); usually straight (9/9); with a clear modal length (28/28); of 95-243.2-500 nm; 43-77.67-100 nm wide. Axial canal obvious (13/18), or obscure (5/18); 4.5-17.25-30 nm in diameter. Basic helix obvious (10/13), or obscure (3/13); pitch of basic helix 4-4.437-5 nm.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations (7/8), or two sedimenting components in purified preparations (2/8); sedimentation coefficient 774-922.1-1044 S. Density 1.165-1.181-1.2 g cm^-3 in sucrose.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 1-2.25-5 % nucleic acid; 68-76.5-80 % protein; 15-20.37-25 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA (5/5); single-stranded (5/5); linear (4/4). Total genome size 7-11.84-14 kb. Genome unipartite (5/5); largest (or only) genome part 7-11.84-14 kb. Base composition 26.4 % G; 21.3 % A; 22.5 % C; 29.8 % U. Infectivity lost when deproteinised with proteases (4/4); lost when deproteinised with phenol or detergent (4/4). Poly A region absent (2/2). Additional factor required for infectivity (2/2). Genome has no tRNA-like activity (1/1).

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid not found in the virions (2/2). Sub-genomic mRNA found in infected cells (1/2), or not found in infected cells (1/2).

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) four (4/11), or five (6/11), or six (1/11); M_r 200-118000-240900. M_r of 2nd largest 78-62440-92000. M_r of 3rd largest 56-45380-61000. M_r of 4th largest 31-25670-45000. M_r of 5th largest 37-23820-33000. Virion proteins glycosylated (7/7).

Replication

Genome replicates in nuclei (4/4), or in cytoplasm (1/4). Replication does not depend on a helper virus (8/8).

Cytopathology

Virions found in cytoplasm (13/36), or in nuclei (12/36), or in nucleoli (1/36), or in the perinuclear space (31/36), or in mitochondria (2/36), or in unusual sites (1/36). Inclusions present in infected cells (6/12), or absent from infected cells (6/12); are crystals in the nucleus (1/7), or membranous bodies (1/7), or viroplasms (4/7), or unusual in shape (3/7); they contain virions (5/6), or they do not contain virions (1/6).

Taxonomy and relationships

Viral family : Rhabdoviridae.

Illustrations

Electron micrograph.

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Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.

Please send comments, corrections and suggestions to: vide-manager@biology.anu.edu.au