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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by C. Büchen-Osmond and D. Purcifull, 1987.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

muskmelon yellow stunt virus (Lecoq et al., 1981; 1983).

Acronym

ZYMV

Strains

22 isolates of the virus have been grouped into three pathotypes by their effect on muskmelon line PI 414723 (Pitrat and Lecoq, 1984; Risser et al., 1981; Lecoq and Pitrat, 1985 and unpublished data). ZYMV isolates differ in the symptoms they cause (Lecoq et al., 1981; Provvidenti et al., 1984), aphid transmissibility (Lecoq, 1986) or virulence towards a resistance gene (Lecoq and Pitrat, 1985).

ICTV decimal code

57.0.1.0.077

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Cucurbita pepo (zucchini squash), Cucumis melo (muskmelon), Cucumis sativus (cucumber) and Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) - mosaic, yellowing, shoestring leaves, stunting, and fruit and seed deformation.
• Melothria pendula - mosaic, yellowing.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Aphis citricola (Purcifull et al., 1984), Aphis gossypii; Myzus persicae (Lecoq et al., 1981; Lisa et al., 1981) and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Lecoq, unpublished data) and Aphis middletonii, Aphis craccivora, Acrythosiphon pisum, Lipaphis erysimi, Uroleucon sp. (Adlerz, 1987); Aphididae. Transmitted in a non-persistent manner. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seed (Lecoq et al., 1981; Dodds et al., 1984).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Algeria, Australia, Egypt, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Mauritius, Morocco, Spain, Taiwan, Turkey, the UK, and the USA (Zucchini yellow mosaic virus has been isolated from the wild perennial cucurbit Melothria pendula in Florida (Adlerz et al., 1983b)).

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa - chlorotic local lesions; not systemic.
• Cucumis melo - chlorotic local lesions; systemic vein clearing, yellowing, mosaic, leaf deformation, stunting and occasional necrosis.
• Cucurbita okeechobeensis - systemic mosaic (N.B. this species is not susceptible to most cucumber mosaic virus isolates).
• Cucurbita pepo - chlorotic local lesions; systemic vein netting, yellowing, mosaic and leaf deformation, often lethal.
• Gomphrena globosa - local lesions; not systemic (N.B. this species is not infected by squash mosaic virus).
• Luffa acutangula - systemic mosaic or latent.
• Ranunculus sardous - symptomless systemic infection with most isolates (N.B. this species is not infected by papaya ringspot virus-W or watermelon mosaic virus 2).

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Lavatera trimestris - but watermelon virus 2 induces necrotic local lesions.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Cucurbita pepo.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), Cucurbita pepo (W).

Susceptible host species

• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Citrullus lanatus
• Cucumis melo
• Cucumis metuliferus
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita maxima
• Cucurbita moschata
• Cucurbita okeechobeensis
• Cucurbita pepo
• Gomphrena globosa
• Luffa acutangula
• Melothria pendula
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Pisum sativum
• Ranunculus sardous
• Senecio vulgaris

Insusceptible host species

• Lavatera trimestris

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (2/2)
• Compositae (1/1)
• Cucurbitaceae (10/10)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (2/2)
• Ranunculaceae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Malvaceae (1/1)

Sources of host-range data

Lecoq et al. (1983); Lesemann et al. (1983); Provvidenti et al. (1984); Lecoq et al. (1981); Lisa et al. (1981); Purcifull et al. (1984).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 55-60 °C. LIV: 3-5 days (at room temperature). DEP: log₁₀ minus 4-5. Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Lisa et al. (1981); Lisa and Lecoq (1984); Lesemann et al. (1983); Purcifull et al. (1984).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually flexuous; with a clear modal length; of 750 nm; 11 nm wide. Axial canal obscure. Basic helix obscure.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations. Density 1.323 g cm^-3 in CsCl (at 10ºC).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 4.5-7 % nucleic acid; 93-95.5 % protein.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 9 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 9 kb.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• D00593 Em(40)_vi:ZYMCP Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, nuclear inclusion protein and coat protein genes. 2/92 1,963bp.
• D00692 Em(40)_vi:ZYMV Gb(84)_vi:ZYMV Zucchini yellow mosaic virus gene, 3´ terminal region, coat protein and RNA polymerase. 6/91
• D13914 Em(40)_vi:ZYMCP1 Gb(84)_vi:ZYMCP Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, nuclear inclusion protein and coat protein genes. 1/94 1,944bp.
• L29569 Em(40)_vi:ZYMP13PRE Gb(84)_vi:ZYMP13PREP Zucchini yellow mosaic virus polyprotein; P1 protease; helper component-protease; P3 protein;
• L31350 Em(40)_vi:ZYMPROPOL Gb(84)_vi:ZYMPROPOLR Zucchini yellow mosaic virus polyprotein, complete cds; P1 protease; P2 HC-protease
• L35588 Gb(84)n:ZYMP1PROTA Zucchini yellow mosaic virus P1 protease, 5´ end. 8/94 918bp.
• L35589 Gb(84)n:ZYMP1PROTB Zucchini yellow mosaic virus P1 protease, 5´ end. 8/94 897bp.
• L35590 Gb(84)n:ZYMP13PROT Zucchini yellow mosaic virus P1 protease, helper component, and P3 protease; 5´ end. 8/94 3,5
• M35095 Em(40)_vi:ZYMCPA Gb(84)_vi:ZYMCPA Zucchini yellow mosaic virus coat protein (cp) mRNA, 3´ end. 7/90 1,374bp
• S46009 Em(40)_un:S46009 Gb(84)_vi:S46009 coat protein zucchini yellow mosaic virus ZYMV, aphid-transmissible isolate, Genomic RNA, 12
• X62662 Em(40)_vi:ZYMVCP Gb(84)_vi:ZYMVCP Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV-S) mRNA for coat protein. 4/94 1,250bp.
• X68509 Em(40)_vi:ZYMVSR Gb(84)_vi:ZYMVSR Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus-S RNA. 3/93 3,048bp.
• X77756 Em(40)_vi:ZYMVHCPRO Gb(84)_vi:ZYMVHCPRO Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus (ZYMV) HC-PRO gene. 6/94 1,368bp.
• Z22759 Em(40)_vi:ZCHELCOMA Gb(84)_vi:ZCHELCOMA Zucchini yellow mosaic virus helper component RNA. 3/94 1,368bp.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 36000; coat protein. Method of preparation: Lisa et al. (1981).

Virus-coded non-virion proteins identified by genomic sequence analysis; seven proteins found. M_r of the largest 39000. M_r of 2nd largest 51000; helper component. M_r of 3rd 50000. M_r of 4th 70000; cylindrical inclusion. M_r of 5th and smaller 49000, or 58000, or 34000; protease, polymerase, coat protein.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are pinwheels (but not laminated aggregates (Lisa et al., 1981)); they do not contain virions (endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles containing fibrillar material accumulate (Lesemann et al., 1983)).

Taxonomy and relationships

Potyvirus: Potyviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Watermelon mosaic virus II, bean yellow mosaic virus (Lecoq et al., 1981; Lisa et al., 1981; Adlerz et al., 1983a; Lesemann, 1983; Lesemann et al., 1983; Makkouk and Abbasher, 1983; Purcifull et al., 1984) and amaranthus leaf mottle viruses (Lovisolo and Lisa, 1976; V. Lisa and G. D'Agostino, unpublished data), but distantly.

Differences between type strain and others

No serological differences have been detected between Italian and other isolates of the virus (Lecoq et al., 1983; Lesemann et al., 1983; Purcifull et al., 1984; Provvidenti et al., 1984). Different isolates cross-protect in muskmelon (Lecoq et al., 1981).

Best tests for diagnosis

Some isolates of ZYMV cause symptoms similar to those attributed to other cucurbit viruses (cucumber mosaic virus, watermelon mosaic virus 1, strain W of papaya ringspot virus, watermelon mosaic virus 2 and squash mosaic virus), thus a diagnosis based on symptoms is uncertain, and serological tests must be used. ZYMV frequently occurs with other viruses in cucurbits, but can be isolated alone by inoculating, for example, Cucurbita okeechobeensis and Ranunculus sardous. ZYMV can be separated from squash mosaic by aphid transmission or by inoculation to Gomphrena globosa. Zucchini yellow fleck potyvirus, found in the the Mediterranean region (Vovlas et al., 1981), is not serologically related to ZYMV (M. Russo, unpublished data).

Comments and References

References

• Adlerz, W.C. (1987). Econ. Ent. 71: 531.
• Adlerz, W.C., Purcifull, D.E., Simone, G.W. and Hiebert, E. (1983a). Abstr. 4th Int. Congr. Pl. Path., Melbourne, 1983, No. 440:
• Adlerz, W.C., Purcifull, D.E., Simone, G.W. and Hiebert, E. (1983b). Proc. Fla Stn hort. Soc. 96: 72.
• Dodds, J.A., Lee, J.G., Nameth, S.T. and Laemmlen, F.F. (1984). Phytopathology 74: 221.
• Hiebert, E., Thornbury, H.H. and Pirone, T.P. (1984). Virology 135: 1.
• Lecoq, H. (1986). Phytopathology 76: 1063.
• Lecoq, H. and Pitrat, M. (1985). Phytopathology 75: 890.
• Lecoq, H., Pitrat, M. and Clement, M. (1981). Agronomie 1: 827.
• Lecoq, H., Lisa, V. and Dellavalle, G. (1983). Plant Dis. 67: 824.
• Lesemann, D.-E. (1983). Acta Hort. 127: 159.
• Lesemann, D.-E., Makkouk, K.M., Koenig, R. and Samman, E.N. (1983). Phytopath. Z. 108: 304.
• Lisa, V. and Lecoq, H. (1984). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 282, 4 pp.
• Lisa, V., Boccardo, G., D'Agostino, G., Dellavalle, G. and d'Aquilio, M. (1981). Phytopathology 71: 667.
• Lovisolo, O. and Lisa, V. (1976). Poljopr. znanst. Smotra 39(49): 553.
• Makkouk, K.M. and Abbasher, A. (1983). Abstr. 4th Int. Congr. Pl. Path., Melbourne, 1983, No. 472:
• Pitrat, M. and Lecoq, H. (1984). Euphytica 33: 57.
• Provvidenti, R., Gonsalves, D. and Humaydan, H. (1984). Plant Dis. 68: 443.
• Purcifull, D.E., Adlerz, W.C., Simone, G.W., Hiebert, E. and Christie, R.G. (1984). Plant Dis. 68: 230.
• Risser, G., Pitrat, M., Lecoq, H. and Rode, J.-C. (1981). Agronomie 1: 835.
• Vovlas, C., Hiebert, E. and Russo, M. (1981). Phytopathol. Medit. 20: 123.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.