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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

White clover mosaic potexvirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by P.L. Guy, 1980. Revised 1983.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

clover mosaic virus, pea wilt virus (Bos et al., 1959; Johnson, 1942).

Acronym

WClMV

ICTV decimal code

56.0.1.0.021

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms vary seasonally.
• Trifolium spp. - chlorotic mottling, streaking and systemic mosaic.

Transmission

Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by contact between plants; transmitted by seed (to 6% in Trifolium pratense).

Geographical distribution

Probably distributed worldwide (in temperate regions).

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Cucumis sativus - necrotic local lesions.
• Phaseolus vulgaris - necrotic and chlorotic local lesions, systemic yellowing.
• Pisum sativum - chlorotic local lesions, leaf shape malformation.
• Trifolium spp. - systemic mosaic.
• Vicia faba - necrotic local lesions, systemic mosaic.
• Vigna unguiculata - necrotic and chlorotic local lesions.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Chenopodium quinoa.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Phaseolus vulgaris.

Susceptible host species

• Antirrhinum majus
• Crotalaria spectabilis
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita pepo
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• Datura stramonium
• Glycine max
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Medicago sativa
• Melilotus albus
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana megalosiphon
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana sylvestris
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus lunatus
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Pisum sativum
• Trifolium hybridum
• Trifolium incarnatum
• Trifolium pratense
• Trifolium repens
• Tropaeolum majus
• Vicia faba
• Vigna unguiculata

Insusceptible host species

• Amaranthus retroflexus
• Apium graveolens
• Beta vulgaris
• Brassica oleracea var. capitata
• Calendula officinalis
• Capsicum frutescens
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Gomphrena globosa
• Matthiola incana
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Ricinus communis
• Solanum melongena
• Solanum nigrum
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Zinnia elegans

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Cucurbitaceae (2/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (14/14)
• Scrophulariaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (7/12)
• Tropaeolaceae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (2/2)
• Chenopodiaceae (3/3)
• Compositae (2/2)
• Cruciferae (2/2)
• Euphorbiaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (5/12)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)
• Umbelliferae (1/1)

Sources of host-range data

Bancroft et al. (1960); Beczner and Vassanyi (1981).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 60 °C. LIV: 10-99 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 4-5. Infectivity of sap not changed by treatment with di-ethyl ether. Leaf sap contains many virions (especially that from French bean, although often fewer in sap of infected clover).

Purification method

Francki and McLean (1968).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually flexuous; with a clear modal length; of 480 nm; 13 nm wide. Axial canal obscure; 3.5 nm in diameter. Basic helix obvious; pitch of basic helix 3.4 nm.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 119 S. Isoelectric point pH 4.5.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 6 % nucleic acid; 94 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 5.845 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 5.845 kb. Base composition 15.5 % G; 31.8 % A; 26.9 % C; 25.7 % U. 5´ terminus of RNA has an unusual type; a nucleotide cap probably of the type m⁷GpppG. Infectivity retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• M18920 Em(40)_vi:WCP3EA Gb(84)_vi:WCP3EA White clover mosaic potexvirus 3´-terminal RNA region encoding ORFs of 17K, 5´ end; and of 13
• X06728 Em(40)_vi:POWC1MVX Gb(84)_vi:POWC1MVX Potexvirus white clover mosaic virus (WC1MV) RNA genome. 9/93 5,845bp.
• X16636 Em(40)_vi:POWCLMV4 Gb(84)_vi:POWCLMV4 White clover mosaic virus total genomic mRNA. 9/93 5,846bp. 3 sequences.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 14000-20000. Method of preparation: Miki et al. (1967); Koenig et al. (1971).

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are unusual in shape; cytoplasmic banded bodies and few vesiculated aggregates; they contain virions.

Taxonomy and relationships

Potexvirus

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Potato X, cactus X, hydrangea ringspot and clover yellow mosaic viruses, but distantly.

Best tests for diagnosis

The banded body inclusions induced by white clover mosaic virus are disrupted when preparing epidermal strips for examination, but these inclusions distinguish white clover mosaic virus from clover yellow mosaic virus.

Comments and References

References

• Agrawal, H., Bos, L. and Chessin, M. (1962). Phytopathology 62: 517.
• Bancroft, J.B., Tuite, J. and Hissong, G. (1960). Phytopathology 50: 711.
• Beczner, L. and Vassanyi, R. (1981). Acta Phytopath. Acad. Sci. Hung. 16: 109.
• Bos, L., Delvic, B. and van der Want, J.P.H. (1959). Tijdschr. PlZiekt. 65: 89.
• Bucks, R. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 41, 4 pp.
• Edwardson, J.R. and Christie, R.G. (1986). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 14, p. 350.
• Forster, R.L.S., Bevan, M.V., Harrison, S.A. and Gardner, R.C. (1988). Nucl. Acids Res. 16: 291.
• Francki, R.I.B. and McLean, G.D. (1968). Aust. J. biol. Sci. 21: 1311.
• Fry, P.R., Grogan, R.G. and Lyttleton, J.W. (1960). Phytopathology 50: 175.
• Johnson, F. (1942). Phytopathology 32: 103.
• Koenig, R. (1971). J. gen. Virol. 10: 111.
• Miki, T. and Knight, C.A. (1967). Virology 31: 55.
• Pierce, W.H. (1935). J. Agric. Res. 51: 1017.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.