Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Wheat spindle streak mosaic bymovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by K.Z. Haufler, 1988.

Nomenclature

Acronym

WSSMV

Strains

wheat yellow mosaic virus (Usugi and Saito, 1979; Wiese, 1987).

ICTV decimal code

57.0.3.0.006

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms vary seasonally and disappear soon after infection (symptoms develop best at 20ºC or less).
• Secale cereale, Triticum aestivum, T. durum - chlorotic streaking.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; a fungus; Polymyxa graminis; Plasmodiophorales. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation (but not readily); not transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed; not transmitted by pollen.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Slykhuis (1970); Slykhuis (1974); Wiese et al. (1974); Haufler and Fulbright (1986); Van Koevering et al. (1987).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, and the USA (possibly also China).

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible (No susceptible dicotyledonous species are known).

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Secale cereale, Triticum aestivum, T. durum - chlorotic streaking.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Triticum aestivum.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Triticum aestivum (W).

Susceptible host species

• Secale cereale
• Triticum aestivum
• Triticum durum

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Gramineae (3/3)

Sources of host-range data

Slykhuis (1961); Slykhuis (1970); Jackson et al. (1976); Proeseler and Stanarius (1983); Bays et al. (1985).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 45-50 °C (for 10 minutes). DEP: log₁₀ minus 1-5. Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Haufler and Fulbright (1985; unpublished).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually flexuous (but only slightly); with no clear modal length; of 300-2000 nm (modal length probably 700-1000 nm); 16 nm wide. Axial canal obscure. Basic helix obscure.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations. Density 1.28 g cm^-3 in CsCl. Density 1.20-1.21 g cm^-3 in caesium sulphate.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• X73883 Gb(84)_vi:WSSMVRNA Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus RNA. 6/94 4,646bp.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) three; M_r of the largest 35000-36000. M_r of 2nd largest 30000; coat protein. M_r of 3rd largest 27000; coat protein.

M_r 69000; cytoplasmic inclusion protein.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves, roots, mesophyll and vascular parenchyma; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are pinwheels; they do not contain virions. Other cellular changes: disruption of organelles (chloroplasts, mitochondria swell and then are disrupted).

Taxonomy and relationships

Bymovirus: Potyviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Barley yellow mosaic, oat mosaic and rice necrosis mosaic; wheat spindle streak and wheat yellow mosaic viruses are now considered the one species.

Best tests for diagnosis

Symptoms of the virus appear first in the spring, those of barley yellow dwarf virus and wheat streak mosaic virus appear later, those of wheat soil-borne mosaic virus are also brightest in cool weather, but are brighter.

Comments and References

General comments

Although this virus is probably a strain of wheat yellow mosaic bymovirus, it is listed separately here.

References

• Bays, D.C., Cunfer, B.M. and Demski, J.W. (1985). Plant Dis. 69: 1094.
• Haufler, K., Zagula, K.R. and Fulbright, D.W. (1986). Plant Dis. 70: 31.
• Haufler, K., Zagula, K.R. and Fulbright, D.W. (1985). Phytopathology 75: 1349.
• Jackson, A.O. et al. (1976). Pl. Dis. Reptr 60: 202.
• Proeseler, G. and Stanarius, A. (1983). Arch. Phytopathol. Pflanzenschutz, Berlin 19: 345.
• Slykhuis, J.T. (1960). Can. Pl. Dis. Surv. 40: 43.
• Slykhuis, J.T. (1961). Can. Pl. Dis. Surv. 41: 330.
• Slykhuis, J.T. (1970). Phytopathology 60: 319.
• Slykhuis, J.T. (1974). Phytopathology 64: 554.
• Slykhuis, J.T. (1976). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 167, 3 pp.
• Usugi, Y. and Saito, Y. (1976). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 42: 12.
• Van Koevering, M., Haufler, Z., Fulbright, D.W., Isleib, T.C. and Everson, E.H. (1987). Phytopathology 77: 742.
• Weise, M.V. (1987). Compendium of Wheat Diseases 2nd Ed. Amer. Phytopath. Soc. St Paul, Minnesota.
• Wiese, M.V., Ravenscroft, A.V. and Everson, E.H. (1974). Pl. Dis. Reptr 58: 522.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.