Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Wheat soil-borne mosaic furovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by A.J. Gibbs, 1995.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

wheat viruses 1 and 2, soil-borne wheat green mosaic virus, wheat mosaic virus.

Acronym

SBWMV

Strains

green mosaic, yellow mosaic and rosette strains.

ICTV decimal code

27.0.1.0.005

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms vary seasonally (brightest in spring).

Triticum aestivum (winter wheat) and Hordeum vulgare - light green to yellow leaf mosaic, roots stunted, severe rosetting and tillering of susceptible cultivars (Brakke, 1971).

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; a fungus; Polymyxa graminis; Estes and Brakke (1966); Plasmodiophorales (Brakke, 1971). Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seed.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Himmel et al. (1991). When the virus is transmitted to plants of resistant cultivars by growing them in infested soil, their roots are as susceptible as those of other cultivars, but the virus does not spread systemically (Myers et al. 1993).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in China, Italy, Japan, and the USA (Cai et al. (1983); Canova (1966); Putnam et al. (1994); Saito et al. (1964)).

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Triticum aestivum and other Triticum spp. - mosaic and rosetting.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Elytrigia repens, Avena sativa, Bromus inermis, Cucumis sativus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Zea mays.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

• Triticum aestivum cv. Michigan Amber and others.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), C. quinoa (L), Triticum aestivum (W).

Susceptible host species

• Bromus commutatus
• Bromus tectorum
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Hordeum vulgare
• Secale cereale
• Triticum aestivum

Insusceptible host species

• Avena byzantina
• Avena sativa
• Bromus inermis
• Cucumis sativus
• Elytrigia repens
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Zea mays

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (2/2)
• Gramineae (5/10)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Cucurbitaceae (1/1)
• Gramineae (5/10)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (2/2)

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 60-65 °C. LIV: 4000 days (at least, in dried leaves). DEP: log₁₀ minus 2-3. Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Gumpf (1971).

Particle morphology

Virions rod-shaped; not enveloped; usually straight; with clear modal lengths; of 82-110 nm (T), or 138-160 nm (M), or 280-300 nm (B); 20 nm wide. Axial canal obvious.

Physical properties

Two sedimenting components in purified preparations, or three sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 212 S (of the fastest); of the other(s) 173 S. A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 1.2.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 5 % nucleic acid; 95 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear; of two parts (Shirako and Brakke, 1984); largest (or only) genome part 6.5 kb; the 2nd largest 3.5 kb.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• L07937 Em(40)_vi:WMORNA1A Gb(84)_vi:WMORNA1A Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) complete RNA 1 segment: 150 kDa protein, 209 kDa readth
• L07938 Em(40)_vi:WMORNA2A Gb(84)_vi:WMORNA2A Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) complete RNA 2 segment: 84 kDa readthrough protein, 19
• X81639 Gb(84)n:SBWMV19K Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus genomic RNA2. 9/94 3,592bp.
• X89078 Em(44)n:Sbwmvcoat Gb(90)_vi:Sbwmvcoat Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus gene for coat protein. 6/95 666bp.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid found in the virions; deletion variants of the genomic RNAs.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 19700; coat protein.

Cytopathology

Virions found in roots and, occasionally, leaves. Inclusions present in infected cells; are crystals in the cytoplasm and amorphous X-bodies.

Taxonomy and relationships

Furovirus

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (Brunt and Shikata, 1986).

Differences between type strain and others

Isolates vary greatly in virion lengths, those from Japan are serologically related to those from the U.S.A., but infect Nicotiana tabacum and Zea mays.

Comments and References

References

• Brakke, M.K. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 77. 4 pp.
• Brunt, A.A. and Richards, K.E. (1989). Adv. Virus Res. 36: 1.
• Brunt, A.A. and Shikata, E. (1986). In: The Plant Viruses, No. 2 The Rod-Shaped Plant Viruses eds M.H.V. van Regenmortel and H. Fraenkel-Conrat, p. 305, Plenum Press, New York.
• Cai, W., Peng, X. and Mang, K. (1983). Acta Phytopathol. Sin. 13: 7.
• Canova, A. (1966). Phytopathol. Medit. 5: 53.
• Gumpf, D.J. (1971). Virology 43: 586.
• Himmel, P.T., Hewings, A.D. and Glawe, D.A. (1991). Plant Dis. 75: 1008.
• McKinney, H.H. (1923). J. Agric. Res. 23: 771.
• Myers, L.D., Sherwood, J.L., Siegerist, W.C. and Hunger, R.M. (1993). Phytopathology 83: 548.
• Putnam, M.L., Carroll, T.W. and French, R. (1994). Plant Dis. 78: 102.
• Saito, Y., Takanashi, K., Iwata, Y. and Okamoto, H. (1964). Bull. Natl. Inst. Agric. Sci., Tokyo, Ser. C 1964: 1711.
• Shirako, Y. and Brakke, M.K. (1984). J. gen. Virol. 65: 119.
• Shirako, Y. and Wilson, T.M.A. (1992). Virology 195: 16.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.