Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Wheat dwarf monogeminivirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by K. Lindsten, 1991.

Nomenclature

Acronym

WDV

Strains

barley and wheat strains.

ICTV decimal code

29.0.1.0.012

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist. Symptoms yellowing and dwarfing.
• Avena sativa - yellowing and dwarfing.
• Hordeum vulgare - yellowing and dwarfing, poor cropping.
• Lolium multiflorum, Poa annua - growth reduction.
• Secale cereale, Triticum aestivum - yellowing and severe dwarfing.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Psammotettix alienus; Cicadellidae. Not transmitted by Javesella pellucida, Laodelphax striatellus, Macrosteles laevis. Transmitted in a persistent manner. Virus retained when the vector moults; does not multiply in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed; not transmitted by pollen.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Lindsten (1980; 1991).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Bulgaria, the former Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary, and the former USSR. Found, but with no evidence of spread, in Sweden.

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show yellowing and severe dwarfing.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Avena sativa - yellowing and dwarfing.
• Bromus secalinus - yellowing, plants die prematurely.
• Hordeum vulgare - dwarfing, poor heads and yellowing.
• Lolium perenne - symptomless.
• L. remotum - yellowing.
• Secale cereale, Triticum aestivum - yellowing and severe dwarfing, no crop.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Dactylis glomerata, Festuca spp., Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis, Zea mays.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Lolium multiflorum, Poa annua, Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare for the barley strain.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Bromus secalinus (W), Lagurus ovatus (W), Triticum aestivum (W), Hordeum vulgare (W).

Susceptible host species

• Avena sativa
• Avena strigosa
• Bromus secalinus
• Hordeum vulgare
• Lagurus ovatus
• Lolium multiflorum
• Lolium perenne
• Lolium remotum
• Lolium temulentum
• Poa annua
• Secale cereale
• Triticum aestivum
• Triticum durum

Insusceptible host species

• Bromus inermis
• Bromus mollis
• Dactylis glomerata
• Echinochloa crus-galli
• Elytrigia repens
• Festuca pratensis
• Phalaris arundinacea
• Phleum pratense
• Poa pratensis
• Setaria italica
• Setaria viridis
• Zea mays

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Gramineae (13/25)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Gramineae (12/25)

Sources of host-range data

Lindsten (1991); Vacke (1972).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Bisztray et al. (1989); Lindsten et al. (1980).

Particle morphology

Virions geminate; not enveloped; 18 nm in diameter; 30 nm in length; angular in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations, or two sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 70 S; of the other(s) 50 S. A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 1.3-1.4.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 20 % nucleic acid.

Genome consists of DNA; single-stranded; circular. Total genome size 2.749 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 2.749 kb. Infectivity lost when deproteinised with proteases.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• D00305 Em(40)_vi:GEWDVASD Gb(84)_vi:WDVASD Wheat dwarf virus (WDV), virion-associated small DNA. 4/90 80bp.
• X02869 Em(40)_vi:GEWDVXX Gb(84)_vi:GEWDVXX Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) genome. 9/93 2,749bp.
• X82104 Em(43)_vi:Wdvgns Gb(89)_vi:Wdvgns Wheat dwarf virus genes for V1, V2, C1-1, C1-2 and Cx. 10/94 2,750bp.

Features of the genome

Features of the genome: see MacDowell et al. (1985); Matzeit et al. (1990); Woolston et al. (1988).

Non-genomic nucleic acid not found in the virions. Sub-genomic mRNA not found in infected cells.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 28000.

Replication

Genome replicates in nuclei. Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves and roots; in nuclei. Inclusions absent from infected cells.

Taxonomy and relationships

monogeminivirus: Geminiviridae

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Chloris striate mosaic and maize streak viruses.

Differences between type strain and others

Triticum aestivum (wheat) and Hordeum vulgare (barley) react differently to infection with the common and barley strains. The barley strain causes dwarfing, poor heads and yellowing in barley, but which is resistant to wheat strains.

Additional comments on relationships

Not serologically related to other geminiviruses tested.

Best tests for diagnosis

Transmission by Psammotettix alienus to wheat and barley plants, and serological tests.

Comments and References

References

• Bisztray, G., Gaborjanyi, D. and Gaborjanyi, R. (1989). Z. PflKrankh. PflSchutz. 96: 449.
• Lindsten, K., Vacke, J. and Gerhardson, B. (1970). Nat. Swedish Inst. Pl. Prot. Contr. 14: 281.
• Lindsten, K. (1980). Vaxtskyddsnotiser 44: 54.
• Lindsten, K. (1985). Abstr. A.A.B. Virol. Gp., Cambridge p. 36.
• Lindsten, K. (1991). In: Proc. 6th Conf. on Virus Diseases of Gramineae in Europe, Torino, June 1991.
• Lindsten, K., Lindsten, B., Abdelmoeti, M. and Junti, N. (1980). In: Proc. 3rd. Conf. on Virus Diseases of Gramineae in Europe, Rothamsted, May 1980.
• MacDowell, S.W., MacDonald, H., Hamilton, W.D.O., Coutts, R.H.A. and Buck, K.W. (1985). EMBO J. 4: 2173.
• Matzeit, V., Laufs, J., Kammann, M., Schaefer, S., Schalk, H.-J., Schmidt, B., Wirtz, U., Baker, B. and Gronenborn, B. (1990). Monograph Series, Plant Biology 11: 71.
• Tomenius, K. and Oxelfelt, P. (1981). Phytopath. Z. 101: 163.
• Vacke, J. (1961). Biol. Plant. Praha 3: 228.
• Vacke, J. (1972). Vedecke Prace Vyzk. Ustavu Rostl. Vyroby, Praha-Ryzyne 17: 151.
• Woolston, C.J., Barker, R., Gunn, H., Boulton, M.I. and Mullineaux, P.M. (1988). Pl. mol. Biol. 11: 35.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.