Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Wheat American striate mosaic nucleorhabdovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by R.G. Timian, 1987.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

oat rhabdovirus, oat striate rhabdovirus, oat striate mosaic virus, American wheat striate mosaic virus, wheat striate mosaic virus.

Acronym

WASMV

ICTV decimal code

62.0.4.0.009

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Triticum dicoccum, T. vulgare, T. durum, Bromus inermis, Eragrostis cilianensis, Panicum capillare - faint chlorotic streaks along the veins, clearest on the abaxial surfaces of leaves, then necrosis. Brown necrotic spots and streaks develop in some cultivars. Wheat plants die or become stunted with sterile heads.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Elymana virescens and Endria inimica; Cicadellidae. Transmitted in a persistent manner. Virus lost by the vector when it moults; multiplies in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed; not transmitted by pollen.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Slykhuis (1953); Slykhuis (1963).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the North American region; Canada and the USA.

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show severe striate mosaic.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Avena sativa, Eragrostis cilianensis, Panicum capillare and Triticum durum - severe chlorotic striping.
• Hordeum vulgare and Zea mays - mild chlorotic striping.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Triticum vulgare.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Bromus inermis, Triticum durum.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Triticum durum (W).

Susceptible host species

• Avena sativa
• Bromus inermis
• Bromus secalinus
• Bromus tectorum
• Echinochloa crus-galli
• Eragrostis cilianensis
• Hordeum vulgare
• Lolium multiflorum
• Lolium perenne
• Panicum capillare
• Panicum miliaceum
• Secale cereale
• Setaria viridis
• Triticum dicoccum
• Triticum durum
• Triticum vulgare
• Zea mays

Insusceptible host species

• Agrostis alba
• Dactylis glomerata
• Elytrigia intermedia
• Elytrigia repens
• Phleum pratense
• Poa compressa
• Poa pratensis
• Triticum vulgare

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Gramineae (17/24)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Gramineae (8/24)

Comments on host-range

Few species tested, none of them dicotyledons.

Sources of host-range data

Slykhuis (1953); Slykhuis (1963).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 55 °C. LIV: 3 days (at 4ºC or -10ºC). DEP: log₁₀ minus 5. Leaf sap contains many virions. Electron microscopy: fix with gluteraldehyde before mounting in PTA.

Purification method

Ahmed et al. (1970), for infective virus; Thottappilly and Sinha (1973) for antigen.

Particle morphology

Virions rhabdo- or bullet-shaped; enveloped; usually straight; with a clear modal length; of 200-250 nm; 75 nm wide. Axial canal obvious; 23 nm in diameter. Basic helix obscure.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations, or two sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 875 S (major component).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 5 % nucleic acid; 68 % protein; 25 % lipid. Also carbohydrate (probably) 2%.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 7 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 7 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Sinha et al. (1976). Base composition 26.4 % G; 21.3 % A; 22.5 % C; 29.8 % U.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) four; M_r of the largest 145000. M_r of 2nd largest 92000; glycoprotein. M_r of 3rd largest 59000; N protein. M_r of 4th largest 25000. Method of preparation: Trefzger et al. (1976). Amino acid composition: Sinha et al. (1976).

Replication

Genome replicates in nuclei and in cytoplasm (associated with the nuclear membrane and within cytoplasmic cisternae). Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves, roots, mesophyll, epidermis, vascular parenchyma, companion cells and all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm, in nuclei, and in the perinuclear space. Other cellular changes: the plasma membrane separating from the cell wall.

Taxonomy and relationships

Nucleorhabdovirus: Rhabdoviridae

Best tests for diagnosis

Wheat streak mosaic rymovirus is transmitted mechanically and by mites whereas wheat striate mosaic cytorhabdovirus is transmitted by Endria inimica but not mechanically.

Comments and References

References

• Ahmed, M.E., Sinha, R.C. and Hochster, R.M. (1970). Virology 41: 768.
• Sinha, R.C. and Behki, R.M. (1972). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 99, 4 pp.
• Sinha, R.C., Harwalkar, V.R. and Behki, R.M. (1976). Phytopath. Z. 87: 314.
• Slykhuis, J.T. (1953). Phytopathology 43: 537.
• Slykhuis, J.T. (1963). Can. J. Bot. 41: 1171.
• Thottappilly, G. and Sinha, R.C. (1973). Virology 33: 312.
• Trefzger-Stevens, J. and Lee, P. (1976). Virology 78: 144.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.