Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Watermelon mosaic 1 potyvirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by D.E. Purcifull, J.R. Edwardson, E. Hiebert and D. Gonsalves, 1986; R.S. Greber, 1986.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

papaya ringspot virus type W, watermelon papaya ringspot.

ICTV decimal code

57.0.1.0.045

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Cucurbita pepo - mosaic, green blistering, leaves and fruit malformed.
• Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis melo, Melothria pendula, Momordica charantia - mosaic, mottling, leaves malformed.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Myzus persicae, Acyrthosiphon (Aulacorthum) solani, Aphis craccivora and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Karl and Schmelzer, 1971); Aphididae. Transmitted in a non-persistent manner. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seed.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the Middle East and the South and Central American region; Australia, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Mexico, and the USA.

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Cucurbita pepo - mosaic, green blistering, leaves and fruit malformed.
• Cucumis metuliferus cv. Accession 2459 - systemic mottle or mosaic.
• Luffa acutangula - systemic chlorotic mottling or spotting.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Carica papaya, Cucumis metuliferus plant introduction PI 292190, Nicotiana benthamiana, Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Bountiful.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita pepo.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium amaranticolor (L) but not for all isolates, Chenopodium quinoa (L) but not for all isolates, Cucumis melo cv. B633 (L), Cucumis sativus (W), Cucurbita pepo (W).

Susceptible host species

• Carica papaya
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Citrullus lanatus
• Cucumis melo
• Cucumis metuliferus (cv. Accession 2459)
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita maxima
• Cucurbita moschata
• Cucurbita pepo
• Luffa acutangula
• Macroptilium lathyroides
• Melothria pendula
• Momordica charantia

Insusceptible host species

• Carica papaya
• Cucumis metuliferus
• Myosotis sylvatica
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. Bountiful)

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Caricaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (2/2)
• Cucurbitaceae (10/10)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (1/2)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Boraginaceae (1/1)
• Caricaceae (1/1)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/10)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (1/2)
• Solanaceae (1/1)

Comments on host-range

Many watermelon mosaic virus 2 isolates (Purcifull, Hiebert and Edwardson, 1984) do not infect Luffa acutangula, and therefore this species has been used to obtain PRSV isolates free from watermelon mosaic virus 2 (Webb, 1965; Greber, 1978; D. Purcifull, unpublished data).

Sources of host-range data

Wang et al. (1978); Adlerz (1972a; 1972b); Milne and Grogan (1969); Purcifull and Hiebert (1979); Yeh et al. (1984).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 60 °C. LIV: 40-60 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 4-5. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Gonsalves and Ishii (1980); modification of the method described by Purcifull and Hiebert (1979) for a type W isolate. Both purification methods are outlined in the CMI/AAB description No. 292.

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually flexuous; with a clear modal length; of 760-800 nm; 12 nm wide.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations. Density 1.32 g cm^-3 in CsCl.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 5.5 % nucleic acid; 94.5 % protein.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 11.4 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 11.4 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Brakke and van Pelt (1970); de Mejia (1984); Hiebert et al. (1984); de Mejia et al. (1984). 5´ terminus of RNA has a VPg. Poly A region present; at the 3´ terminus (Nagel and Hiebert, 1985). The 3´ end cloned and expressed in E. coli.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 36000-36500 (two smaller proteins with M_rs of 31000-34000 and 26000-27000 have been found, and virions stored for 2 months contained primarily the smaller one, which presumably results from proteolytic degradation). Method of preparation: Purcifull and Hiebert (1979), Gonsalves and Ishii (1980), Baum (1980).

Virus-coded non-virion proteins isolated (Yeh (1984) for cylindrical (pinwheel) inclusion (CI) protein and by de Mejia (1984) for amorphous inclusion body (AI) protein); two proteins found. M_r of the largest 69000-70000; for CI. M_r of 2nd largest 51000; for AI, a helper protein for aphid transmission.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in mesophyll, epidermis and phloem; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are amorphous X-bodies and pinwheels; they do not contain virions.

Taxonomy and relationships

Potyvirus: Potyviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

The Guadeloupe isolate of papaya ringspot is very closely related, but distinct (Quiuot-Douine et al., 1986). Furthermore PRV-W reacts with the D-protein of tobacco etch virus (Shepard et al., 1974) and the virion proteins and CI proteins of a potyvirus isolate from cucurbits in Morocco (Fischer and Lockhart, 1974).

Comments and References

References

• Adlerz, W.C. (1972a). J. econ. Ent. 65: 1303.
• Adlerz, W.C. (1972b). Pl. Dis. Reptr 56: 563.
• Baum, R.H. (1980). Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Florida 99 pp.
• Baum, R.H. and Purcifull, D.E. (1981). Phytopathology 71: 202.
• Brakke, M.K. and van Pelt, N. (1970). Virology 42: 699.
• de Mejia, M.V.G. (1984). Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Florida 52 pp.
• de Mejia, M.V.G., Hiebert, E. and Purcifull, D.E. (1984). Phytopathology 74: 1015.
• de Mejia, M.V.G., Hiebert, E. and Purcifull, D.E. (1985a). Virology 142: 24.
• de Mejia, M.V.G., Hiebert, E. and Purcifull, D.E. (1985b). Virology 142: 34.
• Edwardson, J.R. and Christie, R.G. (1984). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog No. 14, 398 pp.
• Fischer, H.U. and Lockhart, B.E. (1974). Pl. Dis. Reptr 58: 143.
• Gonsalves, D. and Ishii, M. (1980). Phytopathology 70: 1028.
• Greber, R.S. (1978). Aust. J. agric. Res. 29: 1235.
• Hiebert, E., Thornbury, D.W. and Pirone, T.P. (1984). Virology 135: 1.
• Karl, E. and Schmelzer, K. (1971). Arch. PflSchutz. 7: 3.
• Makkouk, K.M. and Lesemann, D.E. (1980). Plant Dis. 64: 789.
• Milne, K.S. and Grogan, R.G. (1969). Phytopathology 59: 809.
• Purcifull, D.E. (1972). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 84, 3 pp.
• Nagel, J. and Hiebert, E. (1985). Virology 143: 435.
• Purcifull, D.E. and Hiebert, E. (1979). Phytopathology 69: 112.
• Purcifull, D.E., Hiebert, E. and Edwardson, J.R. (1984). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 293, 7 pp.
• Purcifull, D.E., Edwardson, J.R., Hiebert, E. and Gonsalves, D. (1984). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 292, 8 pp.
• Quiot-Douine, L., Purcifull, D.E., Hiebert, E. and de Mejia, M.V.G. (1986). Phytopathology 76: 346.
• Abu-Samah, N. (1982). Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Adelaide, 109 pp.
• Shepard, J.E., Secor, G.A. and Purcifull, D.E. (1974). Virology 58: 464.
• Wang, H.L., Wang, C.C., Chiu, R.J. and Sun, M.H. (1978). Pl. Prot. Bull. 20: 133.
• Webb, R.E. (1965). Phytopathology 55: 1379.
• Yeh, S.D. (1984). Ph.D. Thesis, Cornell Univ., 98 pp.
• Yeh, S.D., Gonsalves, D. and Provvidenti, R. (1984). Phytopathology 74: 1081.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.