Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Viola mottle potexvirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by V. Lisa, 1986; G.R. Johnstone, 1987.

Nomenclature

Acronym

VMV

ICTV decimal code

56.0.1.0.020

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Viola odorata - leaf mottling, white stripes on petals.

Transmission

Transmitted by means not involving a vector. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Australia, France, and Italy.

Experimental host range

Many (>9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Amaranthus caudatus - necrotic local lesions; systemic mottle.
• Chenopodium amaranticolor - chlorotic local lesions; systemic mosaic.
• Gomphrena globosa - necrotic local lesions; systemic infection usually latent.
• Nicotiana clevelandii - symptomless local infection, not systemic.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Datura stramonium, Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana glutinosa, Cucumis sativus.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Chenopodium quinoa.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium quinoa (L), Gomphrena globosa (L).

Susceptible host species

• Amaranthus caudatus
• Amaranthus hybridus
• Antirrhinum majus
• Beta vulgaris
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Dianthus barbatus
• Gomphrena globosa
• Lactuca sativa
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Primula malacoides
• Primula obconica
• Solanum melongena
• Spinacia oleracea
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Trifolium pratense
• Viola odorata
• Viola tricolor

Insusceptible host species

• Callistephus chinensis
• Cucumis sativus
• Datura stramonium
• Hydrangea macrophylla
• Lupinus albus
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Ocimum basilicum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Tagetes patula
• Trigonella foenum-graecum
• Vigna unguiculata
• Zinnia elegans

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (3/3)
• Caryophyllaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (6/6)
• Compositae (1/4)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (1/5)
• Primulaceae (2/2)
• Scrophulariaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (2/6)
• Tetragoniaceae (1 /1)
• Violaceae (2/2)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Compositae (3/4)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/1)
• Hydrangeaceae (1/1)
• Labiatae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (4/5)
• Solanaceae (4/6)

Sources of host-range data

Lisa and Dellavalle (1977).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 95 °C. LIV: 240 days (at 20ºC). DEP: log₁₀ minus 9-10. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Lisa and Dellavalle (1977); Richardson et al. (1981).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually flexuous; with a clear modal length; of 478-495 nm; c. 13 nm wide. Axial canal faint indication obvious. Basic helix obscure; pitch of basic helix 3.5 nm.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations. Density 1.31 g cm^-3 in CsCl.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 6 % nucleic acid; 94 % protein.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 7.2 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 7.2 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Lisa et al. (1982). Base composition 22.8 % G; 26.4 % A; 30.3 % C; 20.5 % U.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid not found in the virions.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 21473; coat protein. Amino acid sequence: Bendena and Mackie (1986). Amino acid composition: M.N. Short (unpublished data) cf. Lisa et al. (1982).

Virus-coded non-virion proteins isolated (Bendena and Mackie (1986)); one protein found. M_r 160000.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in mesophyll, epidermis and all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm. Inclusions absent from infected cells.

Taxonomy and relationships

Potexvirus

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Cactus virus X (strains B5 and 884), and hydrangea ringspot virus (Lisa and Dellavalle, 1977) are distantly related as are foxtail mosaic virus (Short, 1981), nerine virus X (Agapanthus isolate; Phillips and Brunt, 1980) and tulip virus X (Mowat, 1979).

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Cactus virus X (strains CC10 and K11), clover yellow mosaic, narcissus mosaic, papaya mosaic, pepino mosaic, white clover mosaic, cymbidium mosaic and potato virus X viruses.

Best tests for diagnosis

Viola mottle virus is often mixed with cucumber mosaic virus in naturally-infected violets, but these can be easily distinguished by electron microscopy, or better by ISEM. The ability of viola mottle virus to infect Chenopodium amaranticolor also helps.

Comments and References

References

• Bendena, W.G. and Mackie, G.A. (1986). Virology 153: 220.
• Lisa, V. and Dellavalle, G. (1977). Phytopath. Z. 89: 82.
• Lisa, V., Boccardo, G. and Milne, R.G. (1982). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 247, 4 pp.
• Mowat, W.P. (1979). Rep. Scottish Hort. Res. Inst. 1978, p.126.
• Phillips, S. and Brunt, A.A. (1980). Acta Hort. 110: 65.
• Richardson, J.F., Tollin, P. and Bancroft, J.B. (1981). Virology 112: 34.
• Short, N. (1981). Rep. John Innes Inst. 1980, p.126.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.