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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Turnip yellow mosaic tymovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by P.L. Guy, 1985; A.J. Gibbs, 1987.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

cardamine yellow mosaic virus.

Acronym

TYMV

Strains

Type or TYMV-1 isolates include the type (Cambridge), honesty, Rademacher and the closely related Australian isolates Club Lake, Blue Lake, RR, Lake Albina; the cauliflower or TYMV-2 isolates include cauliflower (Northumberland), Rothamsted and Denmark.

ICTV decimal code

77.0.1.0.016

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

• Brassica spp. and many Brassicaceae - vein clearing and mosaic or blotching symptoms.
• Cardamine lilaciana sward forming variant - vein clearing and mosaic.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Phyllotreta and Psylloides species (flea beetles) and Phaedon cochleariae (the mustard beetle) in Europe and Pedilophorus sp in Australia; Coleoptera. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by seed (of Camelina sativa (Hein, 1984)); not transmitted by pollen.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Broadbent (1957).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the Eurasian region (in the north west); Australia.

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Raphanus sativus - vein clearing and mosaic or blotching.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Chenopodium quinoa, Nicotiana glutinosa, Pisum sativum.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis (W).

Susceptible host species

• Barbarea vulgaris
• Brassica campestris
• Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis
• Brassica campestris ssp. napus
• Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis
• Brassica campestris ssp. rapa
• Brassica carinata
• Brassica juncea
• Brassica nigra
• Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
• Brassicaceae
• Camelina sativa
• Capsella bursa-pastoris
• Cardamine lilaciana (sward forming variant)
• Cheiranthus cheiri
• Cleome spinosa
• Conringia orientalis
• Crambe abyssinica
• Diplotaxis tenuifolia
• Erysimum cheiranthoides
• Glycine max
• Lepidium campestre
• Lunaria annua
• Macroptilium lathyroides
• Matthiola incana
• Neslia paniculata
• Raphanus raphanistrum
• Raphanus sativus
• Reseda odorata
• Sinapis alba
• Sinapis arvensis
• Sisymbrium officinale
• Thlaspi arvense

Insusceptible host species

• Abelmoschus esculentus
• Antirrhinum majus
• Arachis hypogaea
• Bellis perennis
• Beta vulgaris
• Catalpa bignonioides
• Catharanthus roseus
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cicer arietinum
• Clarkia amoena
• Crambe arreria
• Crambe cordifolia
• Crambe hispanica
• Crambe tataria
• Cucumis sativus
• Datura stramonium
• Daucus carota
• Delphinium hybridum
• Eucalyptus cloeziana
• Euphorbia marginata
• Fagopyrum esculentum
• Fragaria vesca
• Gomphrena globosa
• Gossypium hirsutum
• Gypsophila elegans
• Helianthus annuus
• Lablab purpureus
• Lobelia erinus
• Lupinus albus
• Myosotis sylvatica
• Nicotiana bigelovii
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Papaver nudicaule
• Papaver rhoeas
• Pastinaca sativa
• Petroselinum crispum
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Physalis aequata
• Physalis ixocarpa
• Physalis viscosa
• Pisum sativum
• Podolepis robusta
• Salvia splendens
• Sinningia speciosa
• Solanum melongena
• Spinacia oleracea
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Tropaeolum majus
• Valeriana officinalis
• Vicia faba
• Vigna unguiculata
• Viola cornuta
• Viola tricolor

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Cleomaceae (1/1)
• Cruciferae (28/32)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (2/10)
• Resedaceae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Apocynaceae (1/1)
• Bignoniaceae (1/1)
• Boraginaceae (1/1)
• Campanulaceae (1/1)
• Caryophyllaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (5/5)
• Compositae (3/3)
• Cruciferae (4/32)
• Cucurbitaceae (1 /1)
• Euphorbiaceae (1/1)
• Gesneriaceae (1/1)
• Labiatae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (8/10)
• Malvaceae (2/2)
• Myrtaceae (1/1)
• Onagraceae (1/1)
• Papaveraceae (2/2)
• Polygonaceae (1 /1)
• Ranunculaceae (1/1)
• Rosaceae (1/1)
• Scrophulariaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (9/9)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)
• Tropaeolaceae (1/1)
• Umbelliferae (3/3)
• Valerianaceae (1/1)
• Violaceae (2 /2)

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 60-65 °C. LIV: 10 days (and more). DEP: log₁₀ minus 7. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Gibbs et al. (1966); Matthews (1980).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 28 nm in diameter; rounded in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

Two sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient of the fastest 118 S (B); of the other(s) 54 S (T). Density 1.28 g cm^-3 in CsCl (T), or 1.395-1.402 g cm^-3 in CsCl (B). Isoelectric point pH 3.77-3.97. A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 0.81 (T), or 1.51 (B).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 37 % nucleic acid (B); 63 % protein (B).

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 6.319 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 6.319 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Matthews (1980). Base composition 17.6 % G; 23.75 % A; 37.05 % C; 22.15 % U (type strain and Australian isolates). 5´ terminus of RNA has an unusual type; a ⁷methyl Gppp ⁵G... cap. Infectivity retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Genome has tRNA-like activity. Genome accepts valine (Pinck et al., 1970).

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• J02418 Gb(84)_vi:MTY1 Turnip yellow mosaic virus genomic (heavy) RNA, 5´ end. 8/87 110bp.
• J02419 Gb(84)_vi:MTYCOAT Turnip yellow mosaic virus coat protein mRNA. 2/87 694bp.
• J04373 Em(40)_vi:MTYCLCGA Gb(84)_vi:MTYCLCGA Turnip yellow mosaic virus Club Lake isolate, complete genome. 5/90 6,319bp.
• K00602 Em(40)_vi:MTY2 Gb(84)_vi:MTY2 Turnip yellow mosaic virus genomic (heavy) RNA: 3´ end. 6/92 694bp.
• M24796 Em(40)_vi:MTYCPCDBL Gb(84)_vi:MTYCPCDBL Turnip yellow mosaic virus coat (Blue Lake isolate) protein mRNA, 3´ end. 6/92 166bp
• M24797 Em(40)_vi:MTYCPCDCL Gb(84)_vi:MTYCPCDCL Turnip yellow mosaic virus (Club Lake isolate) coat protein mRNA, 3´ end. 6/92 169bp.
• M24798 Em(40)_vi:MTYCPCDLA Gb(84)_vi:MTYCPCDLA Turnip yellow mosaic virus (Lake Albina isolate) coat protein mRNA, 3´ end. 6/92 167bp.
• M24799 Em(40)_vi:MTYCPCDRR Gb(84)_vi:MTYCPCDRR Turnip yellow mosaic virus (Mt.Townsend isolate) coat protein mRNA, 3´ end. 7/92 196bp.
• M24800 Em(40)_vi:MTYCP1HO Gb(84)_vi:MTYCP1HON Turnip yellow mosaic virus (honesty isolate) coat protein mRNA, 3´ end. 6/92 178bp.
• M24801 Em(40)_vi:MTYCP1RAD Gb(84)_vi:MTYCP1RAD Turnip yellow mosaic virus (Rademacher isolate) coat protein mRNA, 3´ end. 7/92 178bp.
• M24802 Em(40)_vi:MTYCP1TYP Gb(84)_vi:MTYCP1TYPE Turnip yellow mosaic virus (type isolate) coat protein mRNA, 3´ end. 6/92 163bp.
• M24803 Em(40)_vi:MTYCP2CAU Gb(84)_vi:MTYCP2CAUL Turnip yellow mosaic virus (cauliflower isolate) coat protein mRNA, 3´ end. 6/92 100bp.
• M24804 Em(40)_vi:MTYCP2DEN Gb(84)_vi:MTYCP2DEN Turnip yellow mosaic virus (Denmark isolate) coat protein mRNA, 3´ end. 6/92 181bp.
• M24805 Em(40)_vi:MTYCP2ROT Gb(84)_vi:MTYCP2ROTH Turnip yellow mosaic virus (Rothamsted isolate) coat protein mRNA, 3´ end. 6/92 166bp.
• M54918 Em(40)_vi:MTYCPZ Gb(84)_vi:MTYCPZ Turnip yellow mosaic virus coat protein gene, 3´ end. 8/91 159bp.
• M58309 Em(40)_vi:MTYTRST Gb(84)_vi:MTYTRST Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) 3´ terminus tRNA-like structure. 8/91 86bp.
• V01418 Em(40)_vi:TYTYM1 Gb(84)_vi:TYTYM1 Turnip yellow mosaic virus mRNA for the coat protein. 9/93 695bp.
• V01419 Em(40)_vi:TYTYM2 Gb(84)_vi:TYTYM2 5´ end of turnip yellow mosaic virus. 7/89 110bp.
• X07441 Em(40)_vi:TYMVXX Gb(84)_vi:TYMVXX Turnip yellow mosaic virus genome. 9/93 6,318bp.
• X16378 Em(40)_vi:TYMVCG Gb(84)_vi:TYMVCG Turnip yellow mosaic virus complete RNA genome. 9/93 6,318bp. 20 sequences.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid found in the virions; is subgenomic mRNA (with M_r 180000 coding for coat protein (Ricard et al., 1977; Pleij et al., 1977; Higgins et al., 1978)). Sub-genomic mRNA found in infected cells (Hatta and Matthews, 1976).

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 20600; coat protein. Method of preparation: Matthews (1980). Amino acid sequence: Peter et al. (1972).

Replication

Genome replicates in association with chloroplasts (in vesicles in the margins of the chloroplasts, that form as an invagination of the outer chloroplast bilayer membrane and open to the cytoplasm). Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves and all parts of the host plant including the apical meristem but mainly in the leaf lamina; in cytoplasm (in electron dense material close to or replacing the endoplasmic reticulum). Inclusions absent from infected cells. Other cellular changes: the formation of vesicles deriving from the bilayer of the chloroplast membrane and the rounding of chloroplasts.

Taxonomy and relationships

Tymovirus

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Type 1 (TYMV-1) strains, which are indistinguishable, but TYMV-2 isolates, which are distinct; kennedya yellow mosaic, dulcamara mottle and scrophularia mottle viruses are more distantly related. Nucleotide sequencing confirms these results and shows that European and Australian TYMV-1 isolates differ by about 5%. TYMV-1 and TYMV-2 genome sequences differ by around 10%.

Comments and References

References

• Broadbent, L. (1957). Agric. Res. Council Rep No. 14. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK.
• Gibbs, A.J., Hecht-Poinar, E., Woods, R.D. and McKee, R.K. (1966). J. gen. Microbiol. 44: 177.
• Guy, P. and Gibbs, A.J. (1981). Australas. Pl. Path. 10: 12.
• Guy, P. and Gibbs, A.J. (1985). Pl. Path. 34: 532
• Hatta, T. and Matthews, R.E.F. (1976). Virology 73: 1.
• Hein, A. (1984). Z. PflKrankh. PflPath. PflSchutz. 91: 549.
• Higgins, T.J.V., Whitfield, P.R. and Matthews, R.E.F. (1978). Virology 84: 153.
• Markham, R.E.F. and Smith, K.M. (1949). Parasitol. 39: 330.
• Matthews, R.E.F. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 2, 4 pp.
• Matthews, R.E.F. (1980). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 230, 6 pp.
• Peter, R., Stehelin, D., Reinbalt, J., Collot, P. and Duranton, H. (1972). Virology 49: 615.
• Pleij, C.W.A., Mellema, J.R., Noort, A. and Bosch, L. (1977). FEBS Lett. 80: 19.
• Ricard, B., Barreau, C., Renaudin, H., Moucher, C. and Bové, J.M. (1977). Virology 79: 231.

Illustrations

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.