Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Tulip halo necrosis (?) virus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by W.P. Mowat, 1990.

Nomenclature

ICTV decimal code

79.0.P.DE.40

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist. Symptoms necrotic local lesions in leaves and flower stems; often with translucent border.
• Tulipa spp. - necrotic local lesions in leaves and flower stems; often with translucent border.

Transmission

Not transmitted by Myzus persicae (after short or long acquisition feeds). Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation (inoculum for Chenopodium quinoa prepared in 0.07M PO₄ buffer pH 8 containing 0.2M 2-mercaptoethanol is much more infective than that prepared in the same buffer at pH 7 without reducing agent).

Geographical distribution

Found, but with no evidence of spread, in the U.K.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show necrotic and chlorotic local lesions and veinal necrosis.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa - necrotic local lesions; not systemic.
• Phaseolus vulgaris - brown local lesions, rings.
• Datura stramonium - necrotic local lesions and multiple green rings; sometimes systemic.
• Nicotiana benthamiana - chlorotic local lesions, becoming necrotic; necrosis and chlorotic mottle.
• Nicotiana clevelandii - necrotic and chlorotic local lesions, veinal necrosis and mottle.
• Beta vulgaris - necrotic or green local lesions.
• Nicotiana debneyi - necrotic local lesions; systemic.
• Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc - necrotic local lesions; necrotic spots and rings.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Nicotiana clevelandii (W), Chenopodium quinoa (L).

Susceptible host species

• Beta vulgaris
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Datura stramonium
• Gomphrena globosa
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Spinacia oleracea
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Tulipa

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (4/4)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (1/1)
• Liliaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (7/7)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)

Sources of host-range data

Mowat (1971).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 45 °C. LIV: 0.25 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 6. Infectivity of sap not changed by treatment with di-ethyl ether.

Purification method

Mowat (1971).

Taxonomy and relationships

(ungrouped)

Best tests for diagnosis

The virus and cucumber mosaic virus, tobacco necrosis virus, tomato bushy stunt and tulip X viruses all all cause similar symptoms in tulips. These viruses are best distinguished by electron microscopy and serology.

Comments and References

General comments

Studies involving centrifugation of sap extracts, and the effect of diethyl ether treatment strongly suggests that THN is caused by a virus, but no virions have been seen. Extracts treated with water saturated phenol are not infective.

References

• Mowat, W.P. (1970). Ann. appl. Biol. 66: 17.
• Mowat, W.P. (1971). Acta Hort. 23: 283.
• Mowat, W.P. (1971). Ann. appl. Biol. 69: 147.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.