Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Tomato yellow mosaic bigeminivirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by R. Lastra, 1985. Revised by K.W. Buck, 1989.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

virus del mosaico dourado do tomateiro, virus del mosaico amarillo del tomate.

Acronym

ToYMV

Strains

tomato yellow leaf curl and tomato yellow mosaic, induce similar symptoms but seem not to be related.

ICTV decimal code

29.0.3.0.048

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Lycopersicon hirsutum - yellow mosaic.
• L. esculentum - yellow mosaic, stunting, small leaves.
• L. pimpinellifolium, Solanum tuberosum - mild yellow mosaic.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Bemisia tabaci; Aleyrodidae. Transmitted in a persistent manner (for up to 7 days). Virus retained when the vector moults; does not multiply in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; transmitted by mechanical inoculation (poorly when inoculum is from old tissue); transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed; not transmitted by pollen.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Brazil and Venezuela.

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Datura stramonium, Nicotiana benthamiana - systemic yellow mosaic.
• Nicandra physalodes, Petunia × hybrida, Physalis peruviana - systemic mild yellow mosaic.
• Nicotiana glutinosa - systemic yellow spots at base of first infected leaves, then mosaic.
• N. tabacum cv. Samsun - systemic mosaic and leaf deformation.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Chenopodium quinoa, Euphorbia heterophylla, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, Sida rhombifolia, Datura metel.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum cv. Samsun.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Nicotiana benthamiana (W), N. glutinosa (W).

Susceptible host species

• Datura stramonium
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Lycopersicon hirsutum
• Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium
• Nicandra physalodes
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Physalis floridana
• Physalis peruviana
• Solanum melongena
• Solanum tuberosum

Insusceptible host species

• Arachis hypogaea
• Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
• Capsicum frutescens
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita pepo
• Datura metel
• Euphorbia heterophylla
• Gossypium hirsutum
• Lens culinaris
• Momordica balsamina
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Phaseolus lunatus
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Pisum sativum
• Raphanus sativus
• Sida rhombifolia
• Vigna unguiculata

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Solanaceae (13/16)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (3/3)
• Cruciferae (2/2)
• Cucurbitaceae (3/3)
• Euphorbiaceae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (6/6)
• Malvaceae (2/2)
• Solanaceae (3/16)

Comments on host-range

Mainly Solanaceae infected.

Sources of host-range data

Uzcátegui and Lastra (1978).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 40-42 °C. LIV: 0.01 days (15 minutes). DEP: log₁₀ minus 1. Leaf sap contains few virions. Electron microscopy: best stained with UA.

Purification method

Lastra et al. (1981).

Particle morphology

Virions geminate; not enveloped; 18-20 nm in diameter; angular in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 70 S (N.B. unfixed virions disrupt in CsCl).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 20 % nucleic acid; 80 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of DNA; single-stranded; circular. Total genome size 5.096 kb. Genome of two parts; largest (or only) genome part the larger 2.588 kb; the 2nd largest 2.508 kb (Hamilton et al., 1984). Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Hamilton et al. (1981). Infectivity retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Additional factor not required for infectivity.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid not found in the virions.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 28000; coat protein.

Replication

Genome replicates in nuclei. Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in phloem; in nuclei and in nucleoli. Inclusions present in infected cells; are unusual in shape; clusters of virions; they contain virions. Other cellular changes: fibrillar rings in the nucleus that may be where virions assemble, and are composed of DNA and protein.

Taxonomy and relationships

bigeminivirus: Geminiviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

African cassava mosaic and beet curly top viruses, but distantly.

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Maize streak, wheat dwarf, chloris striate mosaic and tobacco yellow dwarf viruses.

Comments and References

References

• Anzola, D. and Lastra, R. (1985). Phytopath. Z. 112: 363.
• De Uzcátegui, R.C. and Lastra, R. (1978). Phytopathology 68: 985.
• Hamilton, W.D.O., Bisaro, D.M. and Buck, K.W. (1982). Nucl. Acids Res. 10: 4901.
• Hamilton, W.D.O., Saunders, R.C., Coutts, R.H.A. and Buck, K.W. (1981). FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 11: 263.
• Hamilton, W.D.O., Stein, V.E., Coutts, R.H.A. and Buck, K.W. (1984). EMBO J. 3: 2197.
• Lastra, R. and Anzola, D. (1978). Agron. trop. 28: 473.
• Lastra, R. and Gil, F. (1981). Phytopathology 71: 524.
• Lastra, R., de Uzcátegui, R.C. and Gil, F. (1981). Abstr. Vth Int. Congr. Virol., Strasbourg, p.206.
• Matys, J.C., Silva, D.M., Oliveira, A.R. and Costa, A.S. (1975). Summa Phytopath. 1: 267.
• Roberts, I.M., Robinson, D.J. and Harrison, B.D. (1984). Rep. Scottish Crop Res. Inst., 1985, p. 179.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.