Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Tomato yellow leaf curl bigeminivirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by A.A. Brunt and S. Cohen, 1988.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

tomato leaf curl virus.

Acronym

TYLCV-Is, TYLCV-Sr, TYLCV-Th, TYLCV-Ye

ICTV decimal code

29.0.3.0.043

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Lycopersicon esculentum - plants stunted with small chlorotic puckered leaves; fruit yield much decreased.
• Cynanchum acutum, Malva parviflora - symptomless infection.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Bemisia tabaci; Aleyrodidae. Transmitted in a persistent manner. Virus retained when the vector moults; does not multiply in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; does not require a helper virus for vector transmission; transmitted by mechanical inoculation (poorly); transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Cohen et al. (1988), Ioannou (1987) - epidemiology of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in the Jordan valley and in Cyprus; Sharaf (1986) - control by insecticides; Al-Musa (1982), Cohen and Melamed-Madjar (1978) - control by trap plants and yellow mulches; Pilowsky and Cohen (1974) - resistant cultivars.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Cyprus, India, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Thailand, Tunisia, and Turkey (Verma et al., 1975; Lana and Wilson, 1976).

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Lycopersicon esculentum - severe systemic leaf chlorosis and malformation.
• Datura stramonium - interveinal leaf chlorosis.
• Nicotiana glutinosa, N. benthamiana - systemic vein clearing, then downward curling of the leaf and its margins.
• Phaseolus vulgaris - interveinal chlorosis, downward curling of the leaves.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Nicotiana rustica, Physalis floridana, Vicia faba, Gomphrena globosa, Cucumis sativus.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Lycopersicon esculentum, Datura stramonium.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Lycopersicon esculentum (W), Datura stramonium (W).

Susceptible host species

• Cynanchum acutum
• Datura stramonium
• Hyoscyamus desertorum
• Lens culinaris
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium
• Malva nicaensis
• Malva parviflora
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Sonchus oleraceus

Insusceptible host species

• Abelmoschus esculentus
• Althaea rosea
• Amaranthus retroflexus
• Arachis hypogaea
• Atriplex
• Beta vulgaris
• Calotropis aegyptia
• Capparis aegyptia
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Cucumis sativus
• Gomphrena globosa
• Gossypium hirsutum
• Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
• Lavatera cretica
• Lonicera
• Lycium
• Medicago sativa
• Momordica balsamina
• Nerium oleander
• Nicotiana rustica
• Ochradenus baccatus
• Physalis floridana
• Pisum sativum
• Plumbago capensis
• Polygonum equisetiforme
• Portulaca oleracea
• Prosopis farcta
• Ricinus communis
• Solanum incanum
• Solanum villosum
• Tamarix
• Tribulus
• Vicia faba
• Withania somnifera
• Xanthium strumarium
• Zinnia elegans

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Asclepiadaceae (1/2)
• Compositae (1/3)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (2/6)
• Malvaceae (2/7)
• Solanaceae (7/13)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (2/2)
• Apocynaceae (1/1)
• Asclepiadaceae (1/2)
• Capparidaceae (1/1)
• Caprifoliaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (3/3)
• Compositae (2/3)
• Cucurbitaceae (2/2)
• Euphorbiaceae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Mimosoideae (1 /1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (4/6)
• Malvaceae (5/7)
• Plumbaginaceae (1/1)
• Polygonaceae (1/1)
• Portulacaceae (1/1)
• Resedaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (6/13)
• Tamaricaceae (1/1)
• Zygophyllaceae (1 /1)

Purification method

Czosnek et al. (1988).

Physical and biochemical properties

Particle morphology

Virions geminate; 20 nm in diameter; dimers 30 nm in length; angular in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Biochemical properties

Genome consists of DNA; single-stranded; circular. Total genome size 5.5 kb. Genome of two parts; largest (or only) genome part 2.787 kb; the 2nd largest 2.7 kb.

Sequence database accession code(s)

• L12219 Em(40)_vi:GETYLREPO Gb(84)_vi:TYLREPORIG Tomato yellow leaf curl virus replication origin DNA. 3/93 312bp.
• L27708 Em(40)_vi:GETYLV12C Gb(84)_vi:TYLV12C14X Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (V1-V2, C1-C4) genes, complete cds. 1/94 2,777bp.
• M59838 Em(40)_vi:GETYLSEQ Gb(84)_vi:TYLSEQA Tomato yellow leaf curl virus DNA sequence. 3/94 168bp
• M59839 Em(40)_vi:GETYLSEQB Gb(84)_vi:TYLSEQB Tomato yellow leaf curl virus DNA sequence. 3/94 167bp.
• X15656 Em(40)_vi:TYLCV Gb(84)_vi:TYLCV Tomato yellow leaf curl virus TYLCV virion DNA. 11/91 2,787bp.
• X61153 Em(40)_vi:TYLCVORF Gb(84)_vi:TYLCVORF Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus DNA for ORF's V1, V2, C1, C2, C3 & C4. 12/91 2,770bp.
• X63016 Gb(84)_vi:TYLCVTHB Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus complete genome (TYLCV-TH B-DNA). 7/94 2,737bp
• X76319 Gb(84)n:TYLCV12 Tomato yellow leaf curl virus V1, V2, C1, C2, C3 and C4 genes. 7/94 2,790bp.
• X79429 Em(40)_vi:TYLCVAC1 Gb(84)_vi:TYLCVAC1 Tomato yellow leaf curl virus AC1 gene (partial). 5/94 393bp.
• Z25751 Em(40)_vi:TYLCVVC Gb(84)_vi:TYLCVVC Tomato yellow leaf curl virus V1, V2, C1, C2, C3 and C4 genes. 4/94 2,777bp.
• Z28390 Em(40)_vi:TYLCVVC2 Gb(84)_vi:TYLCVVC2 Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (Sicily) genes for V1, V2, C1, C2, C3, C4. 12/93 2,773bp.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves and phloem parenchyma; in nuclei. Inclusions present in infected cells; are unusual in shape; spherical (400-3000 nm in diameter); seen in section as fibrillar rings with a large central and several peripheral lacunae. Other cellular changes: the reduction of chromatin and the apparent absence of nucleoli.

Taxonomy and relationships

bigeminivirus: Geminiviridae

Comments and References

General comments

Bemisia tabaci limits the transmission of this virus by an unknown mechanism (Cohen 1967, 1969; Cohen and Marco, 1970; Marco et al., 1972; 1975).

References

• Al-Musa, A. (1982). Plant Dis. 66: 561.
• Cherif, C. and Russo, M. (1983). Phytopath. Z. 108: 221.
• Cohen, S. (1967). Virology 31: 180.
• Cohen, S. (1969). Virology 37: 448.
• Cohen, S. and Harpaz, I. (1964). Ent. exp. appl. 7: 155.
• Cohen, S. and Marco, S. (1970). Virology 40: 363.
• Cohen, S. and Melamed-Madjar, V. (1978). Bull. ent. Res. 68: 465.
• Cohen, S. and Nitzany, F.E. (1966). Phytopathology 56: 1127.
• Cohen, S., Kern, J., Harpaz, I. and Bar-Joseph, M. (1988). Phytoparasitica 16: 259.
• Czosnek, H., Ber, R., Antignus, Y., Cohen, S., Vavot, N. and Zamir, D. (1988). Phytopathology 78: 508.
• De Francq, D'Hondt, M. and Russo, M. (1985). Phytopath. Z. 112: 153.
• Ioannou, N. (1987). Pl. Path 36: 367.
• Lana, A.F. and Wilson, G.F. (1976). Pl. Dis. Reptr 60: 296.
• Makkouk, K.M. and Laterrot, H. (1983). In: Plant Virus Epidemiology, p. 315; eds R.T. Plumb and J.M. Thresh. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
• Makkouk, K.M. and Shebab, S. (1978). Abstr. 3rd Int. Congr. Pl. Path., p. 51.
• Marco, S., Cohen, S., Harpaz, I. and Birk, Y. (1975). J. Insect Physiol. 21: 1821.
• Russo, M., Cohen, S. and Martelli, G.P. (1980). J. gen. Virol. 49: 209.
• Sharaf, N. (1986). Agric., Ecosystems and Environ. 17: 111.
• Verma, H.N., Srivastava, K.M. and Mathur, A.K. (1975). Pl. Dis. Reptr 59: 494.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.