Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by A.J. Gibbs, 1983. Revised 1985; 1990.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

dahlia oakleaf virus, dahlia ringspot virus, dahlia yellow ringspot virus (Brunt, 1959), groundnut ringspot virus (Klesser, 1966), mung bean leaf curl virus, pineapple yellow spot virus, watermelon silver mottle virus.

Acronym

TSWV

ICTV decimal code

11.0.5.0.003

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Ananas comosus, Bidens pilosa, Capsicum annuum, Datura stramonium, Helianthus annuus, Ipomoea congesta, Lactuca sativa, Malva parviflora, Nicandra physalodes, Phaseolus vulgaris, Physalis peruviana, Zinnia elegans, Arachis hypogaea, Canavalia gladiata, C. obtusifolia, C. occidentalis, Crotalaria juncea, Desmodium triflorum, Glycine max, Pisum sativum, Tephrosia purpurea, Vicia faba, Vigna mungo, V. radiata, V. unguiculata, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum, Solanum melongena, S. capsicastrum, S. tuberosum and many other species - necrotic and chlorotic local lesions, systemic wilting, necrosis, spotting, streaking, mosaic, mottling, leaf shape malformation, vein yellowing, ringspots, line patterns, yellow netting and flower colour-breaking.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Thrips tabaci, T. setosus, T. parmi, Frankliniella schultzei, F. occidentalis, F. fusca and Scirtothrips dorsalis; Thysanoptera. Transmitted in a persistent manner. Virus retained when the vector moults; multiplies in the vector (probably); not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed; not transmitted by pollen.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Cho et al. (1989).

Geographical distribution

Probably distributed worldwide. Spreads in Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Cote d'Ivoire, Cyprus, the former Czechoslovakia, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Guyana, Haiti, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Libya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Nepal, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Romania, Senegal, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Turkey, the UK, the USA, the former USSR, Uganda, Uruguay, the former Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zimbabwe.

Experimental host range

Many (>9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Catharanthus roseus - local black spots, leaves sometimes becoming yellow and abscissing; systemic mosaic and leaf deformation.
• Cucumis sativus - chlorotic spots with necrotic centres in cotyledons; not systemic.
• Petunia × hybrida cvs Pink Beauty, Minstrel - necrotic local lesions; not systemic.
• Nicotiana clevelandii, N. glutinosa, N. tabacum - necrotic local lesions; systemic necrotic patterns and leaf deformation.
• Tropaeolum majus - symptomless local infection; systemic necrotic spotting and streaking.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Gomphrena globosa, Nicotiana glutinosa, N. rustica, Tropaeolum majus.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Nicotiana clevelandii (L), Petunia × hybrida cvs Pink Beauty, Minstrel (L).

Susceptible host species

• Amaranthus caudatus
• Amaranthus retroflexus
• Ananas comosus
• Arachis hypogaea
• Belamcanda chinensis
• Bidens pilosa
• Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
• Calendula officinalis
• Canavalia gladiata
• Canavalia obtusifolia
• Canavalia occidentalis
• Capsella bursa-pastoris
• Capsicum annuum
• Cassia occidentalis
• Cassia tora
• Catharanthus roseus
• Cheiranthus cheiri
• Cichorium endiva
• Crotalaria juncea
• Cucumis sativus
• Dahlia pinnata
• Datura stramonium
• Desmodium triflorum
• Glycine max
• Gomphrena globosa
• Helianthus annuus
• Hippeastrum hybridum
• Hyoscyamus niger
• Ipomoea congesta
• Lactuca sativa
• Lathyrus odoratus
• Lupinus mutabilis
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium
• Malva parviflora
• Matthiola incana
• Nicandra physalodes
• Nicotiana bigelovii
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana sylvestris
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Papaver nudicaule
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Phlox drummondii
• Physalis peruviana
• Pisum sativum
• Solanum capsicastrum
• Solanum melongena
• Solanum nigrum
• Solanum nodiflorum
• Solanum tuberosum
• Sonchus oleraceus
• Spinacia oleracea
• Stellaria media
• Tephrosia purpurea
• Trifolium subterraneum
• Tropaeolum majus
• Vicia faba
• Vigna mungo
• Vigna radiata
• Vigna unguiculata
• Zinnia elegans

Insusceptible host species

• Apium graveolens
• Coriandrum sativum
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana glutinosa

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (3/3)
• Amaryllidaceae (1/1)
• Apocynaceae (1/1)
• Bromeliaceae (1/1)
• Caryophyllaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (1/1)
• Compositae (8/8)
• Convolvulaceae (1/1)
• Cruciferae (4/4)
• Cucurbitaceae (1 /1)
• Iridaceae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (2/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (17/17)
• Malvaceae (1/1)
• Papaveraceae (1/1)
• Polemoniaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (19/20)
• Tropaeolaceae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Solanaceae (2/20)
• Umbelliferae (2/2)

Sources of host-range data

Klinkowski and Uschdraweit (1952); Smith (1957); Best (1968).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 45 °C. LIV: 0.2 days (5 hours). DEP: log₁₀ minus 3. Infectivity of sap decreased by treatment with di-ethyl ether. Leaf sap contains few virions. Electron microscopy: fix with formaldehyde.

Purification method

Van den Hurk et al. (1977).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; enveloped; 85 nm in diameter; rounded in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 550 S. Density 1.21 g cm^-3 in sucrose.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 5 % nucleic acid; 70 % protein; 20 % lipid. Also 5% carbohydrate.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 17.2 kb. Largest (or only) genome part the largest 8.897 kb (L-RNA); the 2nd largest 5.4 kb; the 3rd largest 2.916 kb (S-RNA). Genomic nucleic acid isolated by de Haan (1990). Base composition 16.2 % G; 31.6 % A; 19.3 % C; 32.9 % U. Infectivity lost when deproteinised with proteases; lost when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Poly A region absent (in sRNA). Additional factor required for infectivity. Nucleotide sequence references: Haan et al. (1990).

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• D00645 Em(40)_vi:TSWSRS Gb(84)_vi:TSWSRS Tomato spotted wilt virus S RNA segment, complete sequence. 3/91 2,916bp.
• D00821 Em(40)_vi:TSWSNS tomato spotted wilt virus, genomic S RNA. 5/92 2,837bp
• D10066 Em(40)_vi:TSWLRPOLM Gb(84)_vi:TSWLRPOLM Tomato spotted wilt virus L RNA encoding RNA polymerase, complete cds. 4/92 8,897bp.
• D13926 Em(40)_vi:TSWSNS1 Gb(84)_vi:TSWSNS Tomato spotted wilt virus, genomic S RNA. 2/93 2,837bp.
• M64305 Em(40)_vi:TSWNSS Gb(84)_vi:TSWNSS Tomato spotted wilt virus nonstructural protein (NS-S) gene, 5´ flank. 4/91 123bp.
• S48091 Em(40)_un:S48091 Gb(84)_vi:S48091 NSM, glycoprotein precursor (M segment) tomato spotted wilt virus TSWV, Genomic RNA Complete
• S58512 Em(40)_vi:S58512 Gb(84)_vi:S58512 33.6 kda protein (RNA seqment M) tomato spotted wilt virus, Genomic RNA, 1120 nt. 11/93 1,1
• X61799 Em(40)_vi:TSWVN Gb(84)_vi:TSWVN Tomato spotted wilt virus N mRNA for Nucleocapsid (N) protein. 10/91 777bp.
• Z36882 Em(43)_vi:Tswvng Gb(89)_vi:Tswvng Tomato spotted wilt virus (Italy) N gene. 8/94 777bp.

Features of the genome

Features of the genome: sRNA is an ambisense RNA with two terminal ORFs that are expressed via subgenomic mRNAs. that in the genomic strand is of 52.4K and in the complementary strand of 28.8K (the nucleocapsid protein). sRNA has long terminal untranslated regions that are of inverted complementary to each other, and also an intergenic stable hairpin structure. Preliminary data of the mRNA indicates it is all negative strand.

Sub-genomic mRNA found in infected cells (2 mRNAs for sRNA).

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) four; M_r of the largest 120000; L protein. M_r of 2nd largest 78000; G1 membrane glycoprotein. M_r of 3rd largest 58000; G2 membrane glycoprotein. M_r of 4th largest 27000; N protein. Method of preparation: Mohamed et al. (1973); Tas et al. (1977). Amino acid sequence: Haan et al. (1990). Virion proteins glycosylated (G1 and G2).

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are unusual in shape; clusters of virions in the cell vacuole, which possibly bud from the cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum.

Taxonomy and relationships

Tospovirus: Bunyaviridae

Additional comments on relationships

The structure of the genome resembles that of arthropod-borne phleboviruses (Bunyaviridae), but their sequences are not significantly similar A tomato spotted wilt like virus first found in Impatiens species, and then considered to be a strain of the virus, is now called Impatiens necrotic spot virus, and is recognised as a distinct member of the tospovirus group; (de Avila et al., 1992).

Comments and References

References

• Best, R.J. (1968). Adv. Virus Res. 13: 65.
• Brittlebank, C.C. (1919). J. Agric. Victoria, Aust. 17: 213.
• Brunt, A.A. (1959). Nature, Lond. 183: 627.
• Cho, J.J., Mau, R.F.L., German, T.L., Hartmann, R.W., Yurdin, L.S., Gonsalves, D. and Provvidenti, R. (1989). Plant Dis. 73: 375.
• de Avila, A.C.P., de Haan, P., Kitajima, E.W., Kormelink, R. de O., Resende, R., Goldbach, R.W. and Peters, D. (1992). J. Phytopath. 134: 133.
• Francki, R.I.B. and Hatta, T. (1981). In: Handbook of Plant Virus Infections, p. 491; ed. E. Kurstak. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.
• Haan, P. de, Wagemakers, L., Peters, D. and Goldenbach, R. (1990). J. gen. Virol. 71: 1001.
• Ie, T.S. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 39, 4 pp.
• Klesser, P.J. (1966). S. Afr. agric. Sci. 9: 711.
• Klinkowski, M. and Uschdraweit, H.A. (1952). Phytopath. Z. 19: 269.
• Law, M.D. and Moyer, J.W. (1990). J. gen. Virol. 71: 933.
• Law, M.D., Speck, J. and Moyer, J.W. (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 2597.
• Matthews, R.E.F. (1982). Intervirology 17: 11.
• Mohamed, N.A., Randles, J.W. and Francki, R.I.B. (1973). Virology 56: 12.
• Samuel, G., Bald, J.G. and Pittman, H.A. (1930). Bull. Coun. scient. ind. Res. Melbourne 44, 65 pp..
• Smith, K.M. (1957). Textbook of Plant Virus Diseases, second edition. Churchill, London.
• Tas, P.W.L., Boerian, M.L. and Peters, D. (1977). J. gen. Virol. 36: 267.
• Van den Hurk, J., Tas, P.W.L. and Peters, D. (1977). J. gen. Virol. 36: 81.

Illustrations

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.