Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Tomato mosaic tobamovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by H. Huttinga and A.Th.B. Rast, 1985.

Nomenclature

Acronym

ToMV

Strains

tomato aucuba mosaic, tomato enation mottle, dahlemense and other strains (Hollings and Huttinga, 1976).

ICTV decimal code

71.0.1.0.013

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

• Lycopersicon esculentum - mosaic with leaf narrowing in winter.

Transmission

Transmitted by means not involving a vector. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by contact between plants; transmitted by seed (up to 94% in tomato. The virus is found on the outside of the seed, sometimes in the endosperm, but not in the embryo; infection occurs during transplanting).

Geographical distribution

Probably distributed worldwide.

Experimental host range

Many (>9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Solanum giganteum - systemic leaf mosaic.
• Nicotiana tabacum cv. White Burley (necrosis line or Dutch A) - local lesions; not systemic.
• Nicotiana rustica, Petunia × hybrida - local lesions; not systemic.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Cucumis sativus, Cyphomandra betacea (tree tomato), Phaseolus vulgaris.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun, Lycopersicon esculentum.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Nicotiana glutinosa (L), N. tabacum cvs Xanthi-nc and Samsun NN (L), N. clevelandii (W).

Susceptible host species

• Capsicum annuum
• Capsicum frutescens
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Datura metel
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana megalosiphon
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Physalis floridana
• Physalis peruviana
• Solanum giganteum
• Solanum melongena
• Solanum nigrum

Insusceptible host species

• Cucumis melo
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita pepo
• Cyphomandra betacea
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Vigna unguiculata
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (3/3)
• Solanaceae (17/18)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Cucurbitaceae (3/3)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (3/3)
• Solanaceae (1/18)

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 85-90 °C. LIV: 500 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 5-7. Infectivity of sap not changed by treatment with di-ethyl ether. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Gooding and Hebert (1967).

Particle morphology

Virions rod-shaped; not enveloped; usually straight; with a clear modal length; of 300 nm; 18 nm wide. Axial canal obvious; 4 nm in diameter. Basic helix obvious; pitch of basic helix 2.3 nm.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 190 S. Density 1.33 g cm^-3 in CsCl. Isoelectric point pH 4.5-4.64 (depending on strain).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 5 % nucleic acid; 95 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 6.384 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 6.384 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Mandeles and Bruening (1968). Base composition 23 % G; 28 % A; 19 % C; 30 % U. Infectivity decreased when deproteinised with proteases (due to action of RNases at the site of infection); retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Additional factor not required for infectivity.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

Em_vi:TOTMV7 - strain L. 5´-terminal region, 278bp; Em_vi:TOTMV8 - strain L genome, 6,384bp.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 17600; coat protein. Method of preparation: Fraenkel-Conrat (1957). Amino acid sequence: Wittmann-Liebold and Wittmann (1967).

Replication

Genome replicates probably in cytoplasm. Coat protein mRNA translated in the cytoplasm, probably. Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are crystals in the cytoplasm and amorphous X-bodies; they contain virions.

Taxonomy and relationships

Tobamovirus

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Other tobamoviruses (Van Regenmortel, 1975).

Comments and References

References

• Broadbent, L. (1976). Ann. Rev. Phytopath. 14: 75.
• Brunt, A.A. (1986). in The Plant Viruses; Vol.2, The Rod-Shaped Viruses, p.181; eds Van Regenmortel, M.H.V. and Fraenkel-Conrat, H. Plenum Press, New York.
• Dekker, E.L., Dore, I., Porta, C. and van Regenmortel, M.H.V. (1987). Arch. Virol. 94: 191.
• Fraenkel-Conrat, H. (1957). Virology 4: 1.
• Gooding, G.V. and Hebert, T.T. (1967). Phytopathology 57: 1285.
• Hollings, M. and Huttinga, H. (1976). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 156, 6 pp.
• Mandeles, S. and Bruening, G. (1968). Biochem. Prep. 12: 111.
• Mosch, W.H.M., Huttinga, H. and Rast, A.Th.B. (1977). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 79: 104.
• Ohno, T., Aoyagi, M., Yamanashi, Y., Saito, H., Ikawa, S., Neshi, T. and Okada, Y. (1984). J. Biochem (Tokyo) 96: 1915.
• Rast, A.Th.B. (1975). Agric. Research Reports Wageningen, p. 834.
• Wittmann-Liebold, B. and Wittmann, H.G. (1967). Mol. gen. Genetics 100: 358.
• Van Regenmortel, M.H.V. (1975). Virology 64: 415.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.