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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Tomato bushy stunt tombusvirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by G.P. Martelli, 1990.

Nomenclature

Acronym

TBSV

Strains

type, BS-3 and others.

ICTV decimal code

74.0.1.0.014

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Lycopersicon esculentum - bushy growth, fewer smaller fruits with chlorotic blotching, rings and line pattern.
• Capsicum annuum - stunting, mottling, deformation of the leaves, no fruit.
• Solanum melongena - stunting, leaf mottling and crinkling; few spotted and deformed fruit.
• Tulipa spp. - leaf and petal necrosis.
• Tolmiea menziesii - stunting and leaf mottling.
• Malus spp., Pyrus spp. - no symptoms.

Transmission

Transmitted by means not involving a vector. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants; transmitted by seed (at a low rate); possibly transmitted by pollen to the seed.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Cherif and Spire (1983); Kegler and Kegler (1981); Tomlinson and Faithfull (1984).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Argentina, Morocco, Tunisia, the UK, and the USA (in California). Found, but with no evidence of spread, in Portugal, France, Italy, Germany and Canada.

Experimental host range

Many (>9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show systemic mosaics and mottles.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Gomphrena globosa - necrotic reddish local lesions, some isolates infect systemically.
• Ocimum basilicum - necrotic black local lesions with lighter centre; not systemic.
• Chenopodium amaranticolor - whitish necrotic dots with chlorotic haloes; rarely systemic.
• Chenopodium quinoa - chlorotic local lesions; rarely systemic.
• Nicotiana clevelandii - chlorotic or necrotic local lesions; systemic mottle and necrosis.
• Nicotiana glutinosa - brown necrotic local lesions.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

• Datura stramonium, Nicotiana clevelandii, Gomphrena globosa, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Gomphrena globosa (L), Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), Nicotiana glutinosa (L), Nicotiana clevelandii (W), Datura stramonium (W).

Susceptible host species

• Antirrhinum majus
• Capsicum annuum
• Capsicum frutescens
• Celosia argentea
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita maxima
• Cucurbita pepo
• Datura stramonium
• Dianthus barbatus
• Gomphrena globosa
• Gypsophila elegans
• Hyoscyamus niger
• Lavatera trimestris
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Malus
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana bigelovii
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Ocimum basilicum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Physalis floridana
• Pyrus
• Solanum melongena
• Solanum nigrum
• Solanum tuberosum
• Spinacia oleracea
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Tolmiea menziesii
• Tulipa
• Vicia faba
• Vigna radiata
• Vigna unguiculata
• Zinnia elegans

Insusceptible host species

• Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (2/2)
• Caryophyllaceae (2/2)
• Chenopodiaceae (5/5)
• Compositae (1/1)
• Cucurbitaceae (3/3)
• Labiatae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (4/4)
• Liliaceae (1/1)
• Malvaceae (1/1)
• Rosaceae (2 /2)
• Saxifragaceae (1/1)
• Scrophulariaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (17/18)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Solanaceae (1/18)

Comments on host-range

Most hosts are only infected locally.

Sources of host-range data

Schmelzer (1958); Cherif and Spire (1983).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 80-90 °C. LIV: 130-150 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus often above 6. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Gallitelli et al. (1985).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 30 nm in diameter; rounded in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 130 S. Density 1.35 g cm^-3 in CsCl. Isoelectric point pH 4.1. A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 1.64.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 17 % nucleic acid; 83 % protein.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 4.776 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 4.7 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Gallitelli et al. (1985). Base composition 28.6 % G; 26.3 % A; 21.2 % C; 26.3 % U. 5´ terminus of RNA has probably a methylated nucleotide cap. Infectivity retained when deproteinised with proteases; retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Poly A region absent. Additional factor not required for infectivity. Genome has no tRNA-like activity.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• M18056 Em(40)_vi:TBSVDI Gb(84)_vi:TBSVDI Tomato bushy stunt virus defective interfering virion RNA. 7/89 396bp.
• M21958 Em(40)_vi:TBSCPP Gb(84)_vi:TBSACG Tomato bushy stunt virus complete genome. 12/90 4,776bp.
• M59041 Em(40)_vi:TBSDIPA Gb(84)_vi:TBSDIPA Tomato bushy stunt virus defective interfering particle. 3/91 591bp.
• M59042 Em(40)_vi:TBSDIPB Gb(84)_vi:TBSDIPB Tomato bushy stunt virus defective interfering particle. 3/91 546bp.
• M59043 Em(40)_vi:TBSDIPC Gb(84)_vi:TBSDIPC Tomato bushy stunt virus defective interfering particle. 3/91 591bp.
• M59044 Em(40)_vi:TBSDIPD Gb(84)_vi:TBSDIPD Tomato bushy stunt virus defective interfering particle. 3/91 595bp.
• M59045 Em(40)_vi:TBSDIPE Gb(84)_vi:TBSDIPE Tomato bushy stunt virus defective interfering particle. 3/91 599bp.
• M59046 Em(40)_vi:TBSDIPF Gb(84)_vi:TBSDIPF Tomato bushy stunt virus defective interfering particle. 3/91 594bp.
• M59047 Em(40)_vi:TBSDIPG Gb(84)_vi:TBSDIPG Tomato bushy stunt virus defective interfering particle. 3/91 620bp.
• M59048 Em(40)_vi:TBSDIPH Gb(84)_vi:TBSDIPH Tomato bushy stunt virus defective interfering particle. 3/91 578bp.
• M59049 Em(40)_vi:TBSDIPI Gb(84)_vi:TBSDIPI Tomato bushy stunt virus defective interfering particle. 3/91 583bp.
• M59050 Em(40)_vi:TBSDIPJ Gb(84)_vi:TBSDIPJ Tomato bushy stunt virus defective interfering particle. 3/91 592bp. 12 sequences.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid found in the virions; is subgenomic mRNA, satellite RNA, and of an unusual type of structure (defective interfering RNA). Sub-genomic mRNA found in infected cells. 4 virus specified dsRNA species found in infected cells (plus 1). Size of largest virus specified dsRNA 4.733 kbp (corresponding to the genome); 2nd largest 2.188 kbp (first subgenomic); 3rd largest 0.936 kbp (2nd subgenomic); 4th largest 0.62 kbp (satellite RNA); 5th largest 0.499 kbp (DI RNA).

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 42000; coat protein. Method of preparation: Gallitelli and Russo (1987). Amino acid sequence: Hopper et al. (1984). Virion proteins not glycosylated. Virion proteins not phosphorylated.

Virus-coded non-virion proteins isolated (Martelli: by electrophoresis from in vitro translation systems); three proteins found. M_r of the largest 92000. M_r of 2nd largest 33000. M_r of 3rd 22000.

Replication

Genome replicates probably in cytoplasm (in association with multivesicular bodies). Coat protein mRNA translated in in the cytoplasm probably. Replication does not depend on a helper virus. Acts as helper for a satellite RNA.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm, in nuclei, in nucleoli, in mitochondria, and in cell vacuoles. Inclusions present in infected cells; are crystals in the cytoplasm and unusual in shape; multivesicular bodies derived from peroxisomes or mitochondria; they do not contain virions.

Taxonomy and relationships

Tombusvirus: Tombusviridae (the type species)

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Artichoke mottled crinkle, pelargonium leaf curl and petunia asteroid mosaic viruses are closely related; Moroccan pepper virus is distantly related; eggplant mottled crinkle, carnation Italian ringspot, Lato River and Neckar River viruses are very distantly related.

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Cymbidium ringspot, cucumber necrosis and grapevine Algerian latent viruses.

Additional comments on relationships

Sequences homologous with those of other species of genus (especially in certain ORFs). The coat protein gene is, unusually, located upstream of a 3´ terminal ORF coding for a non-virion protein.

Best tests for diagnosis

Mechanically inoculated plants of Gomphrena globosa produce characteristic local lesions within 24-36 hours and those of Ocimum basilicum in less than a week.

Comments and References

References

• Cherif, C. and Spire, D. (1983). Agronomie 3: 70.
• Gallitelli, D. and Russo, M. (1987). Phytopath. Z. 119: 106.
• Gallitelli, D., Hull, R. and Koenig, R. (1985). J. gen. Virol. 66: 1523.
• Herne, P.Q., Knorr, D.A., Hillman, B.I. and Morris, T.J. (1990). Virology 177: 141.
• Hopper, P., Harrison, S.C. and Sauer, R.T. (1984). J. mol. Biol. 177: 701.
• Koenig, R. and Gibbs, A.J. (1986). J. gen. Virol. 67: 75.
• Kegler, G. and Kegler, H. (1981). Arch. Phytopathol. PflSchutz. 17: 307.
• Martelli, G.P., Gallitelli, D. and Russo, M. (1988). In: The Plant Viruses; Vol. 3, Polyhedral Virions with Monopartite RNA Genomes, p. 13; ed. R. Koenig. Plenum Press, New York.
• Martelli, G.P., Russo, M. and Gallitelli, D. (1989). AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 352, 8pp.
• Martelli, G.P., Quacquarelli, A. and Russo, M. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 69, 4 pp.
• Olsen, A.J., Briscogne, G. and Harrison, S.C. (1983). J. mol. Biol. 171: 61.
• Schmelzer, K. (1958). Z. PflKrankh. PflPath. PflSchutz. 65: 80.
• Smith, K.M. (1935). Ann. appl. Biol. 22: 731.
• Tomlinson, J.A. and Faithfull, E.M. (1984). Ann. appl. Biol. 104: 485.

Illustrations

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.