Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Tomato aspermy cucumovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by J. Hammond and J.M. Kaper, 1986; N. Habili, 1987.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

chrysanthemum mild mottle virus, chrysanthemum mosaic virus, chrysanthemum aspermy virus.

Acronym

TAV

Strains

type strain, TAV-Can (Blencowe and Caldwell, 1949; Hollings and Stone, 1969) and TAV-V (Habili and Francki, 1974a,b).

ICTV decimal code

10.0.4.0.003

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist (but vary from plant to plant).
• Chrysanthemum morifolium - severe flower-breaking, dwarfing and malformation.
• Lycopersicon esculentum - severe leaf malformation and seedless fruit.
• Canna spp., Lilium spp. - mosaic.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Myzus persicae and many other species; Aphididae (Kennedy et al., 1962). Transmitted in a non-persistent manner. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants; transmitted by seed (transmitted in seeds of Stellaria media; Noordam et al., 1965).

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Hollings and Kassanis (1957); Brierley and Lorentz (1980); most strains of the virus can be eliminated from Chrysanthemum after c. 4 weeks at 37ºC; or by meristem-tip culture (Dunez and Monsion, 1968). A few heat-tolerant isolates have been found in Britain, able to persist at 37ºC, but their other properties were similar to those of typical strains.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the Eurasian region; Australia, Canada, India, Japan, New Zealand, the USA, and the former USSR.

Experimental host range

Many (>9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Nicotiana glutinosa - chlorotic or ring local lesions, severe blister-mottle with malformation and dwarfing. Leaves become tendril-like and enations form on abaxial leaf surfaces.
• Nicotiana tabacum - severe mottle, dwarfing and malformation; symptoms less diagnostic than in N. glutinosa.
• Nicotiana clevelandii - severe mottling, dwarfing and malformation.
• Cucumis sativus - small local chlorotic spots in cotyledons only; type strain does not infect.
• Lycopersicon esculentum - leaf mottling, malformation, dwarfing, fruits dwarfed, malformed and seedless.
• Phaseolus vulgaris - small pale necrotic local lesions in winter, not infected by type strain.
• Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa - numerous chlorotic or necrotic local lesions; not systemic.
• Vigna unguiculata - necrotic local lesions; not infected by type strain.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Nicotiana glutinosa - maintenance. Nicotiana clevelandii - purification.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium amaranticolor (L); Chenopodium quinoa (L); Vigna unguiculata (L).

Susceptible host species

• Canna
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Chrysanthemum morifolium
• Cucumis sativus
• Lilium
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Stellaria media
• Vigna unguiculata

Insusceptible host species

• Cucumis sativus
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Vigna unguiculata

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Cannaceae (1/1)
• Caryophyllaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (2/2)
• Compositae (1/1)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (2/2)
• Liliaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (4/4)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Cucurbitaceae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (2/2)

Sources of host-range data

Brierley (1955); Govier (1957); Hollings (1955); Hollings et al. (1968); Noordam (1952); Oertel (1967).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 50-60 °C. LIV: 2-6 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 4-6. Electron microscopy: best to fix the virions with formaldehyde. Few virions are found in dips, and they are difficult to distinguish from normal cell components. Strains vary in stability in PTA; UA is better.

Purification method

Marani (1969), a variant of Steere's method), Grogan et al. (1963), Hollings et al. (1968), Habili and Francki (1974b), Lot et al. (1972).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 29 nm in diameter; rounded in profile, or angular in profile (V-strain); without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 98-100 S. Density 1.367 g cm^-3 in CsCl (labile in CsCl unless fixed; Habili and Francki, 1974a). Density 1.304 g/cm³ in Cs₂SO₄ (Hull, 1976). Isoelectric point pH 5.6.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 21.2 % nucleic acid; 78.8 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 8.698 kb. Genome of three parts; largest (or only) genome part the largest 3.41 kb; the 2nd largest 3.074 kb; the 3rd largest 2.214 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Habili and Francki (1974a). Base composition 23.1 % G (TAV-Can), or 23.9 % G (TAV-V); 24.6 % A (TAV-V), or 26.2 % A (TAV-Can); 21.4 % C (TAV-V), or 21.6 % C (TAV-Can); 29 % U (TAV-Can), or 30.1 % U (TAV-V; Stace-Smith and Tremaine, 1973; Habili and Francki, 1974a). 5´ terminus of RNA has a VPg. Infectivity decreased when deproteinised with proteases; retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Poly A region absent. Genome has tRNA-like activity. Genome accepts tyrosine. Nucleotide sequence references: Wilson and Symons (1981); 189 residues from 3´ ends of RNAs of two Australian TAV isolates.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• D01015 Em(40)_vi:TOARNA3 Gb(84)_vi:TOARNA3 Tomato aspermy virus, RNA3 genome segment, complete sequence. 8/92 2,214bp.
• D10044 Em(40)_vi:TOAVRNA1 Gb(84)_vi:TOAVRNA1 Tomato aspermy virus (V-TAV) RNA1. 2/92 3,410bp.
• D10663 Em(40)_vi:TOARNA2 Gb(84)_vi:TOARNA2 Tomato aspermy virus (TAV) RNA 2, complete sequence. 7/92 3,074bp.
• L15335 Em(40)_vi:TOA3APCOA Gb(84)_vi:TOA3APCOAT Tomato aspermy virus 3A protein and coat protein mRNA (RNA3), complete cds. 5/93 2,222bp.
• M10342 Em(40)_vi:CUTOARN Gb(84)_vi:TOARNAV4 Tomato aspermy virus (V-TAV) RNA 4, 3´ end. 7/89 188bp.
• M10343 Em(40)_vi:CUTOARN2 Gb(84)_vi:TOARNAV3 Tomato aspermy virus (V-TAV) RNA 3, 3´ end. 7/89 188bp
• M10344 Em(40)_vi:CUTOARN3 Gb(84)_vi:TOARNAV1 Tomato aspermy virus (V-TAV) RNA 1, 3´ end. 7/89 189bp.
• M10345 Em(40)_vi:CUTOARN4 Gb(84)_vi:TOARNAN3 Tomato aspermy virus (N-TAV) RNA 3, 3´ end. 7/89 189bp.
• M10346 Em(40)_vi:CUTOARNA Gb(84)_vi:TOARNAN1 Tomato aspermy virus (N-TAV) RNA 1, 3´ end. 7/89 189bp.
• S72468 Gb(89)_un:S72468 capsid protein (RNA 3) (tomato aspermy virus TAV-B, Blencowe, Genomic RNA, 2213 nt). 1/95 2,2.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid found in the virions; is subgenomic mRNA, or satellite RNA; the former encodes the coat protein and is called RNA-4 and is of 1.303 kb.

Features of proteins

M_r 24500; coat protein. Method of preparation: Habili and Francki (1974a). Amino acid composition: Habili and Francki (1974a).

Virus-coded non-virion proteins isolated; one protein found. M_r 30000; non structural protein.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant and particularly in the mesophyll; in cytoplasm and in cell vacuoles. Inclusions present in infected cells; are crystals in the cytoplasm; they contain virions.

Taxonomy and relationships

Cucumovirus: Bromoviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Cucumber mosaic and peanut stunt viruses (Waterworth et al., 1973).

Additional comments on relationships

Tomato aspermy and cucumber mosaic virus are similar; some isolates of each have serologically related virions and cross-protect plants against each other. Most strains of tomato aspermy virus differ from most of cucumber mosaic virus in that they (1) infect only the cotyledons of cucumber; (2) induce seedlessness of tomato fruit; (3) induce enations to form on the abaxial surfaces of leaves of several Nicotiana species; and (4) infect Chrysanthemum morifolium.

Comments and References

References

• Ainsworth, G.C. (1939). Rep. Exp. Res. Stn Cheshunt, 1938, p. 60.
• Bernal, J.J., Moriones, E. and Garcia-Arenal, F. (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 2191.
• Blencowe, J.W. and Caldwell, J. (1949). Ann. appl. Biol. 36: 320.
• Brierley, P. (1955). Phytopathology 45: 2.
• Brierley, P. and Lorentz, P. (1960). Phytopathology 50: 404.
• Christie, R.G. and Edwardson, J.R. (1977). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 9, p.89.
• Dunez, J. and Monsion, M. (1968). Annls. Épiphyt. 19: 165.
• Govier, D.A. (1957). Ann. appl. Biol. 45: 62.
• Grogan, R.G., Uyemoto, J.K. and Kimble, K.A. (1963). Virology 21: 36.
• Habili, N. and Francki, R.I.B. (1974a). Virology 57: 392.
• Habili, N. and Francki, R.I.B. (1974b). Virology 60: 29.
• Hollings, M. (1955). Ann. appl. Biol. 43: 86.
• Hollings, M. and Kassanis, B. (1957). J. R. hort. Soc. 82: 339.
• Hollings, M. and Stone, O.M. (1969). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. 1967, p. 95.
• Hollings, M and Stone, O.M. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 79, 4 pp.
• Hollings, M., Stone, O.M. and Brunt, A.A. (1968). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. 1968, p. 95.
• Hull, R. (1976). Virology 75: 18.
• Kennedy, J.S., Day, M.F. and Eastop, V.F. (1962). A Conspectus of Aphids as Vectors of Plant Viruses. Comm. Inst. Ent., London.
• Lot, H., Marrou, J., Quiot, J.B. and Esvan, C. (1972). Annls. Phytopath. 4: 25.
• Marani, F. (1969). Phytopathol. Medit. 8: 142.
• Moriones, E., Roossinck, M. and Garcia-Arenal, F. (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 779.
• Noordam, D. (1952). Tijdschr. PlZiekt. 58: 121.
• Noordam, D., Bijl, M., Overbeek, S.C. and Quiniones, S.S. (1965). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 71: 61.
• O'Reilly, D., Thomas, C.J.R. and Coutts, R.H.A. (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 1.
• Oertel, C. (1967). Zbl. Bakt. ParasitKde. Abt. 2, 121: 276.
• Stace-Smith, R. and Tremaine, J.H. (1973). Virology 51: 401.
• Waterworth, H.E., Monroe, R.L. and Kahn, R.P. (1973). Phytopathology 63: 93.
• Wilson, P.A. and Symons, R.H. (1981). Virology 112: 342.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.