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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Tobacco ringspot nepovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by P.G.W. Chu, 1980. Revised 1984.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

anemone necrosis virus (Hollings and Stone, 1963; Hollings, 1965), blueberry necrotic ringspot virus (Lister et al., 1963; Varney and Raniere, 1960), tobacco ringspot virus 1.

Acronym

TRSV

Strains

anemone necrosis strain, gladiolus strain, North American strains WS, ST, NC-39 (these contain satellite RNA), tobacco green ringspot strain, tobacco yellow ringspot strain; possibly potato black ringspot virus (Salazar and Harrison, 1977; 1978a and b; 1979) and also ash ringspot virus (Hibben and Bozarth, 1972).

ICTV decimal code

18.0.3.0.027

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms disappear soon after infection.
• Cucumis sativus, Glycine max, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum - necrotic spots, mottling, chlorotic ringspots and vein banding.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; a nematode (and also, non-specifically by insects and mites - Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae, Melanopus sp. Epitrix hirtipennis, Thrips tabaci (possibly nymphs) and Tetranychus sp.); Xiphinema americanum; Dorylamidae. Virus lost by the vector when it moults; does not multiply in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; does not require a helper virus for vector transmission; transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between plants; transmitted by seed; transmitted by pollen to the seed.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the North American region; China. Found, but with no evidence of spread, in Australia, the U.K., Germany and New Zealand.

Experimental host range

Many (>9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa - necrotic or chlorotic local lesions.
• Cucumis sativus - chlorotic local lesions; then systemic ringspots, and leaves malformed.
• Phaseolus vulgaris - necrotic local lesions; systemic ringspots.
• Nicotiana clevelandii, Vigna unguiculata - necrotic local lesions; systemic leaf shape malformation.
• N. glutinosa, N. tabacum - necrotic local lesions; systemic ringspots.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Brassica campestris ssp. rapa, Abelmoschus manihot, Reseda odorata, Asperula odorata, Secale cereale.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Cucumis sativus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Nicotiana tabacum.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Cassia occidentalis (L), Vigna unguiculata (L), Nicotiana clevelandii (L), N. tabacum (L,W).

Susceptible host species

• Abelmoschus esculentus
• Ageratum conyzoides
• Amaranthus caudatus
• Antirrhinum majus
• Apium graveolens
• Apium graveolens var. dulce
• Atriplex hortensis
• Bellis perennis
• Beta vulgaris
• Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla
• Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis (cv. Wong Bok)
• Calendula officinalis
• Capsella bursa-pastoris
• Capsicum frutescens
• Cassia occidentalis
• Catharanthus roseus
• Celosia argentea
• Cheiranthus cheiri
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cichorium endiva
• Clarkia amoena
• Crotalaria spectabilis
• Cucumis melo
• Cucumis sativus (cv. Davis Perfect)
• Cucurbita maxima
• Cucurbita moschata
• Cucurbita pepo (and vars. medullosa, melopepo, orifera)
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• Datura metel
• Datura stramonium
• Daucus carota (unconfirmed)
• Dianthus barbatus (latent)
• Fagopyrum esculentum
• Glycine max (cv. Lincoln)
• Gomphrena globosa
• Gypsophila elegans
• Hyoscyamus niger
• Iris germanica
• Lablab purpureus
• Lactuca sativa
• Lathyrus odoratus
• Lilium longiflorum
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Macroptilium lathyroides
• Medicago sativa
• Melilotus albus
• Myosotis sylvatica
• Nicandra physalodes
• Nicotiana bigelovii
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana sylvestris
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Pastinaca sativa
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus lunatus
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Phlox drummondii
• Physalis floridana
• Physalis peruviana
• Phytolacca americana
• Pisum sativum
• Ricinus communis
• Salvia splendens
• Senecio vulgaris
• Sesamum indicum
• Solanum melongena
• Solanum nigrum
• Solanum nodiflorum
• Solanum tuberosum
• Sonchus oleraceus
• Spinacia oleracea
• Stellaria media
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Torenia fournieri
• Tropaeolum majus
• Vicia faba
• Vicia sativa
• Vigna angularis
• Vigna radiata
• Vigna unguiculata
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis
• Viola cornuta
• Zea mays
• Zinnia elegans

Insusceptible host species

• Abelmoschus manihot
• Allium cepa
• Asperula odorata
• Brassica campestris ssp. rapa
• Helianthus annuus
• Linum usitatissimum
• Lupinus albus
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Reseda odorata
• Secale cereale
• Sinningia speciosa
• Trifolium hybridum
• Trifolium incarnatum
• Trifolium pratense
• Trifolium repens
• Triticum aestivum
• Vicia villosa

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (3/3)
• Apocynaceae (1/1)
• Boraginaceae (1/1)
• Caryophyllaceae (3/3)
• Chenopodiaceae (7/7)
• Compositae (8/9)
• Cruciferae (3/4)
• Cucurbitaceae (5/5)
• Euphorbiaceae (1/1)
• Gramineae (1 /3)
• Iridaceae (1/1)
• Labiatae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (18/24)
• Liliaceae (1/1)
• Malvaceae (1/2)
• Onagraceae (1/1)
• Pedaliaceae (1/1)
• Phytolaccaceae (1 /1)
• Polemoniaceae (1/1)
• Polygonaceae (1/1)
• Scrophulariaceae (2/2)
• Solanaceae (19/19)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)
• Tropaeolaceae (1/1)
• Umbelliferae (4/4)
• Violaceae (1 /1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Alliaceae (1/1)
• Compositae (1/9)
• Cruciferae (1/4)
• Gesneriaceae (1/1)
• Gramineae (2/3)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (6/24)
• Linaceae (1/1)
• Malvaceae (1/2)
• Resedaceae (1 /1)
• Rubiaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (1/19)

Sources of host-range data

Wingard (1928); Hill (1937); Price Francki (1965); Thornberry (1966); Bowyer and Atherton (1972).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 55-65 °C. LIV: 22 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 4. Infectivity of sap not changed by treatment with di-ethyl ether. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Rezaian et al. (1973).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 25-29 nm in diameter (virions may swell at pH 8.0); angular in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

Three sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient of the fastest 126 S (B); of the other(s) 91 S (M), or 53 S (T). Density 1.52 g cm^-3 in CsCl (B₂), or 1.51 g cm^-3 in CsCl (B₁), or 1.42 g cm^-3 in CsCl (M). Isoelectric point pH 4.2-6.1. A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 1.88 (B), or 1.37 (M), or 0.91 (T).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 40 % nucleic acid (B), or 28 % nucleic acid (M), or 0 % nucleic acid (T); 60 % protein (B), or 72 % protein (M), or 100 % protein (T); 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 11.2 kb. Genome of two parts; largest (or only) genome part the larger 6.8 kb; the 2nd largest 4.364 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Murant et al. (1972); Rezaian and Francki (1974). Base composition 24.7 % G; 23.1 % A; 22.4 % C; 29.8 % U. 5´ terminus of RNA has a VPg. Infectivity lost when deproteinised with proteases; retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Poly A region present. Genome has no tRNA-like activity. Nucleotide sequence references: Rezaian and Francki (1974).

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• L09205 Em(40)_vi:TRSCAPSID Gb(84)_vi:TRSCAPSID Tobacco ringspot virus capsid protein gene, complete cds. 4/94 2,022bp.
• M17439 Em(40)_vi:TRSSTO01 Gb(84)_vi:TRSSTOBAA Tobacco ringspot virus (TobRV) mRNA. 12/90 360bp.
• A13898 Em(43)_pat:A13898 Gb(89)_pat:A13898 Tobacco ringspot virus consensus self-cleavage region. 10/94 52bp.
• A13899 Em(43)_vi:A13899 Gb(89)_pat:A13899 Tobacco ringspot virus mutant D-51 self-cleavage region. 10/94 63bp.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid found in the virions; is satellite RNA (of 90-120 Kd).

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) two; M_r 58000; coat protein. M_r of 2nd largest 4000; VPg. Method of preparation: Chu and Francki (1979). Amino acid composition: Chu and Francki (1979).

Replication

Genome replicates in cytoplasm. Coat protein mRNA translated in the cytoplasm. Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant; in cell vacuoles (tubules, and plasmodesmata). Inclusions present in infected cells; are unusual in shape; irregular, crystalline arrays, that may be vacuolated; they contain virions. Other cellular changes: the excess development of Golgi and rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Taxonomy and relationships

Nepovirus: Comoviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Potato black ringspot virus.

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Several other nepoviruses, such as tomato ringspot nepovirus.

Comments and References

References

• Bowyer, J.W. and Atherton, J.G. (1972). Phytopathology 61: 1451.
• Chu, P.W.G. and Francki, R.I.B. (1979). Virology 93: 398.
• Chu, P.W.G., Boccardo, G. and Francki, R.I.B. (1981). Virology 109: 428.
• Dodd, S.M. and Robinson, D.J. (1984). J. gen. Virol. 65: 1731.
• Francki, R.I.B. and Hatta, T. (1977). In: The Atlas of Insect and Plant Viruses, p. 221; ed. K. Maramorosch. Academic Press, New York.
• Fromme, F.D., Wingard, S.A. and Priode, C.N.(1927). Phytopathology 17: 321.
• Helson, G.A.H. (1950). Aust. J. agric. Res. 1: 144.
• Hibben, C.R. and Bozarth, R.F. (1972). Phytopathology 62: 1023.
• Hill, A.V. (1937). J. Coun. Scient. ind. Res. Aust. 10: 228.
• Hollings, M. (1965). Ann. appl. Biol. 55: 447.
• Hollings, M. and Stone, O.M. (1963). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. 1962, p. 89.
• Kahn, R.P., Scott, H.A. and Monroe, R.L. (1962). Phytopathology 52: 1211.
• Lister, R.M., Raniere, L.C. and Varney, E.H. (1963). Phytopathology 53: 1031.
• Murant, A.F., Mayo, M.A., Harrison, B.D. and Gould, R.A. (1972). J. gen. Virol. 16: 327.
• Price, W.C. (1940). Am. J. Bot. 27: 530
• Randles, J.W. and Francki, R.I.B. (1965). Aust. J. biol. Sci. 18: 979.
• Rezaian, M.A. and Francki, R.I.B. (1973). Virology 56: 238.
• Rezaian, M.A. and Francki, R.I.B. (1974). Virology 59: 275.
• Rezaian, M.A. and Jackson, A.O. (1981). Virology 114: 534.
• Rezaian, M.A, Francki, R.I.B., Chu, P.W.G. and Hatta, T. (1976). Virology 74: 481.
• Salazar, L.F. and Harrison, B.D. (1977). Nature, Lond 265: 337.
• Salazar, L.F. and Harrison, B.D. (1978b). Ann. appl. Biol. 90: 387.
• Salazar, L.F. and Harrison, B.D. (1978). Ann. appl. Biol. 90: 375.
• Salazar, L.F. and Harrison, B.D. (1979). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 206, 4 pp.
• Schneider, I.R., Hull, R. and Markham, R. (1972). Virology 47: 320.
• Stace-Smith, R. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 17, 4 pp.
• Stace-Smith, R. (1985). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 309, 6 pp.
• Thornberry, H.H. (1966). In: Index of Plant Virus Diseases. U.S. Dept Agric. Hdbk No. 307, p.313.
• Varney, E.H. and Raniere, L.C. (1960). Phytopathology 50: 24.
• Wingard, S.A. (1928). J. Agric. Res. 37: 127.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.