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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Tobacco rattle tobravirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by B.D. Harrison and D.J. Robinson, 1984.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

aster ringspot virus, belladonna mosaic virus, paeony mosaic virus (Brierley, 1944), paeony ringspot virus (Chang et al., 1976; Jones and Young, 1978; Martin, 1929), potato corky ringspot virus, potato stem mottle virus, stengelbonk virus (Rozendaal and van der Want, 1948), ratel virus, Tabakmauche Virus, Tabakstreifen- und Kraüselkrankheit Virus, spinach yellow mottle virus, tulip white streak virus (Smith, 1950).

Acronym

TRV

Strains

fraxinus tobravirus (Cooper et al., 1983), Oregon yellow virus, PRN (Scottish type strain), spinach yellow mottle. NM isolates, which lack the smaller part of the genome and do not produce nucleoprotein, can be prepared from all strains.

ICTV decimal code

72.0.1.0.004

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist (some strains), or vary seasonally, or disappear soon after infection.
• Stellaria media, Viola arvensis - few symptoms, mottling.
• Beta vulgaris, Spinacia oleracea - chlorotic or necrotic local lesions; systemic mottle.
• Capsicum annuum - ringspots or line patterns.
• Solanum tuberosum - necrotic local lesions; systemic chlorotic or necrotic spots and streaks.
• Nicotiana tabacum - necrotic local lesions, necrotic or chlorotic ringspots; systemic necrosis, ringspots or line patterns, mottling.
• Narcissus pseudonarcissus, Tulipa sp., Hyacinthus sp. - mottling.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; a nematode; Paratrichodorus allius, P. anemones, P. christiei, P. nanus, P. pachydermus, P. teres, Trichodorus minor, T. primitivus, T. viruliferus; Trichodoridae. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants; transmitted by seed (up to 40% in Viola arvensis or only to 1% in Capsella bursa-pastoris).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the Eurasian region, the North American region, and the South and Central American region; China, Japan, and the former USSR. Found, but with no evidence of spread, in New Zealand and Australia.

Experimental host range

Many (>9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Cucumis sativus - necrotic and chlorotic local lesions; no systemic infection.
• Phaseolus vulgaris cv. The Prince, Pisum sativum, Vicia faba - necrotic local lesions; no systemic infection.
• Nicotiana clevelandii - necrotic and chlorotic local lesions; few systemic symptoms, mottle, necrosis.
• N. tabacum cv. Samsun NN - necrotic local lesions and ringspots; systemic necrosis, ringspots, mottle.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

probably Hordeum vulgare.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Nicotiana clevelandii, N. tabacum.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), Phaseolus vulgaris (L), Nicotiana tabacum for some strains (L).

Susceptible host species

• Allium cepa
• Amaranthus caudatus
• Amaranthus retroflexus
• Antirrhinum majus
• Arachis hypogaea
• Avena sativa
• Bellis perennis
• Beta vulgaris
• Brassica campestris
• Brassica campestris ssp. napus
• Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis
• Brassica juncea
• Calendula officinalis
• Capsella bursa-pastoris
• Capsicum annuum
• Catharanthus roseus
• Cheiranthus cheiri
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium foetidum
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Coriandrum sativum
• Cucumis melo
• Cucumis sativus
• Glycine max
• Gomphrena globosa
• Gypsophila elegans
• Helianthus annuus
• Hyacinthus
• Hyoscyamus niger
• Lactuca sativa
• Lathyrus odoratus
• Linum usitatissimum
• Lobelia erinus
• Lupinus mutabilis
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium
• Melilotus albus
• Momordica balsamina
• Myosotis sylvatica
• Narcissus pseudonarcissus
• Nicandra physalodes
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana sylvestris
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Nicotiana × edwardsonii
• Ocimum basilicum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Phytolacca americana
• Pisum sativum
• Raphanus sativus
• Ricinus communis
• Salvia splendens
• Senecio vulgaris
• Solanum melongena
• Solanum nigrum
• Solanum tuberosum
• Spinacia oleracea
• Stellaria media
• Trifolium pratense
• Trifolium repens
• Tropaeolum majus
• Tulipa
• Vicia faba
• Vicia villosa
• Viola arvensis

Insusceptible host species

• Citrus medica
• Cucurbita pepo
• Datura ferox
• Datura metel
• Datura stramonium
• Daucus carota
• Dianthus barbatus
• Dianthus caryophyllus
• Fragaria vesca
• Hordeum vulgare (probably)
• Matthiola incana
• Phlox drummondii
• Physalis floridana
• Rumex acetosa
• Secale cereale
• Sinningia speciosa
• Triticum aestivum
• Zea mays
• Zinnia elegans

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Alliaceae (1/1)
• Amaranthaceae (3/3)
• Amaryllidaceae (1/1)
• Apocynaceae (1/1)
• Boraginaceae (1/1)
• Campanulaceae (1/1)
• Caryophyllaceae (2/4)
• Chenopodiaceae (6/6)
• Compositae (5/6)
• Cruciferae (7 /8)
• Cucurbitaceae (3/4)
• Euphorbiaceae (1/1)
• Gramineae (1/5)
• Hyacinthaceae (1/1)
• Labiatae (2/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (11/11)
• Liliaceae (1/1)
• Linaceae (1/1)
• Phytolaccaceae (1 /1)
• Scrophulariaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (16/20)
• Tropaeolaceae (1/1)
• Umbelliferae (1/2)
• Violaceae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Caryophyllaceae (2/4)
• Compositae (1/6)
• Cruciferae (1/8)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/4)
• Gesneriaceae (1/1)
• Gramineae (4/5)
• Polemoniaceae (1/1)
• Polygonaceae (1/1)
• Rosaceae (1 /1)
• Rutaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (4/20)
• Umbelliferae (1/2)

Sources of host-range data

Schmelzer (1957); Uschdraweit and Valentin (1956); Noordam (1956).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 80-85 °C. LIV: 40-50 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 6. Infectivity of sap not changed by treatment with di-ethyl ether. Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Harrison and Nixon (1959); Lister and Bracker (1969).

Particle morphology

Virions rod-shaped; not enveloped; usually straight; with a clear modal length; of 46-114 nm (T), or 180-197 nm (B); 22 nm wide. Axial canal obvious; 4 nm in diameter. Basic helix obvious; pitch of basic helix 2.5 nm.

Physical properties

Two sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient B 300 S. Density 1.306-1.324 g cm^-3 in CsCl (not fixed with aldehydes). A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 1.1-1.15.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 5 % nucleic acid; 95 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 9.09-11.515 kb. Genome of two parts; largest (or only) genome part the larger 7.272 kb (RNA-1 from B component virions); the 2nd largest 1.818-4.242 kb (RNA-2 from T component virions). Base composition 24-25 % G; 26-29 % A; 17-18 % C; 29-32 % U. 5´ terminus of RNA has a methylated nucleotide cap (in RNA-2; not yet found on RNA-1). Infectivity retained when deproteinised with proteases; retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Poly A region absent. Additional factor not required for infectivity. Nucleotide sequence references: Minson and Darby (1973); Abou Harter and Hirth (1977).

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• D00155 Gb(84)_vi:MTRRNA1 Tobacco rattle virus (TRV), RNA-1, complete cds. 1/92 6,791bp
• J04347 Em(40)_vi:TOBMTRCP Gb(84)_vi:MTRCPSA Tobacco Rattle virus coat protein, 16K protein, and 13K protein genes, complete cds. 3/92 2,1
• X03241 Em(40)_vi:TOBTRVR2 Gb(84)_vi:TOBTRVR2 Tobacco rattle virus RNA-2 (CAM strain) for capsid protein. 11/93 1,799bp.
• X03685 Em(40)_vi:TOTRVRG1 Gb(84)_vi:TOTRVRG1 Tobacco rattle virus strain PSG RNA1 3´ terminal sequence (2 kb). 9/93 2,077bp.
• X03686 Em(40)_vi:TOTRVRG2 Gb(84)_vi:TOTRVRG2 Tobacco rattle virus strain PSG RNA2. 9/93 1,905bp.
• X03955 Em(40)_vi:TOTRVRN2 Gb(84)_vi:TOTRVRN2 Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) strain TCM RNA2 sequence. 9/93 3,389bp.
• X06172 Em(40)_vi:TOTRRNA1 Gb(84)_vi:TOTRRNA1 Tobacco Rattle virus (TRV) RNA-1 complete sequence. 9/93 6,791bp.
• S72875 Gb(89)_un:S72876s2 (RNA-2 5´ and 3´ regions) (tobacco rattle virus TRV, TCM, I6, Genomic RNA, 565 nt, segment 2
• S72876 Gb(89)_un:S72876s1 (RNA-2 5´ and 3´ regions) (tobacco rattle virus TRV, TCM, I6, Genomic RNA, 369 nt, segment 1
• Z36974 Em(43)_vi:Trvrna2cp Gb(89)_vi:Trvrna2cp Tobacco rattle virus genes for coat protein, 28.7 kDa & 32.8 kDa proteins. 3/95 3,856bp.
• Z36983 Em(43)_vi:Trvpprncp Gb(89)_vi:Trvpprncp Tobacco rattle virus coat protein gene. 9/94 627bp.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid found in the virions; is subgenomic mRNA (in 3 parts namely RNA-3, RNA-4 and RNA-5). Sub-genomic mRNA found in infected cells.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 21000-23000; coat protein. Method of preparation: Semancik (1970); Ghabrial and Lister (1973). Amino acid sequence: Cornelissen et al. (1986). Amino acid composition: Offord and Harris (1965); Offord (1966); Semancik (1966); Miki and Okada (1970); Ghabrial and Lister (1973).

Virus-coded non-virion proteins isolated; two proteins found. M_r of the largest 187000. M_r of 2nd largest 142000.

Replication

Coat protein mRNA translated in the cytoplasm. Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm (where they stack on the surface of the mitochondria). Inclusions present in infected cells (some strains); are unusual in shape; consisting of clusters of abnormal mitochondria; they contain virions. Other cellular changes: chloroplast break down.

Taxonomy and relationships

Tobravirus

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Some isolates of pea early browning are distantly related.

Differences between type strain and others

The genomes of different strains differ in size, especially their RNA-2s.

Comments and References

References

• Abou Harter, M. and Hirth, L. (1977). Virology 76: 173.
• Böning, K. (1931). Z. ParasitKde. 3: 103.
• Brierley, P. (1944). Pl. Dis. Reptr 150 Suppl.: 410.
• Chang, M.U., Doi, Y. and Yora, K. (1976). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 42: 325.
• Cooper, J.I., Edwards, M.L., Arnold, M.K. and Massalski, P.R. (1983). Pl. Path. 32: 469.
• Cornelissen, B.J.C., Linthorst, H.J.M., Brederode F.Th. and Bol, J.F. (1986). Nucl. Acids Res. 14: 2157.
• Ghabrial, S.A. and Lister, R.M. (1973). Virology 52: 1.
• Gugerli, P., Darby, G. and Minson, A.C. (1978). J. gen. Virol. 38: 273.
• Harrison, B.D. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 12, 4 pp.
• Harrison, B.D. and Nixon, H.L. (1959). J. gen. Microbiol. 21: 569.
• Harrison, B.D. and Robinson, D.J. (1978). Adv. Virus Res. 23: 25
• Harrison, B.D. and Robinson, D.J. (1981). In: Handbook of Plant Virus Infections, p. 515; ed. E. Kurstak. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.
• Jones, A.T. and Young, B.R. (1978). Pl. Dis. Reptr 62: 925.
• Lister, R.M. and Bracker, C.E. (1969). Virology 37: 262.
• Martin, G.H. (1929). Pl. Dis. Reptr Suppl. 73: 390.
• Miki, T. and Okada, Y. (1970). Virology 42: 993.
• Minson, T. and Darby, G. (1973). J. mol. Biol. 77: 337.
• Noordam, D. (1956). Tijdschr. Plziekt. 62: 219.
• Offord, R.E. and Harris, J.I. (1965). Proc. FEBS Meeting, p. 216.
• Offord, R.E. (1966). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cambridge, England.
• Robinson, D.J. (1977). J. gen. Virol. 35: 37.
• Robinson, D.J. and Harrison, B.D. (1989). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 346, 6 pp.
• Rozendaal, A. and van der Want, J.P.H. (1948). Tijdschr. PlZiekt. 54: 113.
• Schmelzer, K. (1957). Phytopath. Z. 30: 281.
• Semancik, J.S. (1966). Phytopathology 56: 1190.
• Semancik, J.S. (1970). Virology 40: 618.
• Smith, K.M. (1950). J. R. hort. Sci. 75: 350.
• Uschdraweit, H.A. and Valentin, H. (1956). NachrBl. dtsch. Pflschutz., Braunschweig 8: 132.
• Van Hoof, H.A. (1968). Nematologica 14: 20.

Illustrations

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.