Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Tobacco necrosis necrovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by D.S. Teakle, 1982. Revised 1985. Updated 1990 by A.A. Brunt.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

tulip Augusta disease virus, bean stipple streak virus, chenopodium necrosis necrovirus (Tomlinson et al., 1983), cucumber systemic necrosis virus, strawberry necrotic rosette virus (Faccioli, 1970; 1974).

Acronym

TNV

Strains

many reported, including A, B, C, D E, and S (Babos and Kassanis, 1963), cucumber necrosis (Van Koot and van Dorst, 1955), stipple streak (Van der Want, 1948), Ac 36, Ac 38 and Ac 43 (Uyemoto et al., 1968), Urbana (Lesnaw and Reichmann, 1969), chenopodium necrosis (Tomlinson et al., 1983).

ICTV decimal code

44.0.1.0.003

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa - local lesions (some strains), systemic necrosis (Chenopodium necrosis strain only).
• Cucumis sativus - systemic necrosis of leaves and stems (cucumber necrosis strain only).
• Nicotiana clevelandii, N. tabacum - necrotic local lesions.
• Phaseolus vulgaris - discrete local lesions only (D strains), local lesions that spread along minor veins (A strains), systemic infection (stipple streak strain only).
• Tulipa gesneriana - necrosis of leaves and stems (Augusta disease).

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; a fungus; Olpidium brassicae; Chytridiales. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seed; not transmitted by pollen.

Geographical distribution

Probably distributed worldwide.

Experimental host range

Many (>9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Lactuca sativa, Cucumis sativus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna radiata, V. unguiculata, Nicotiana clevelandii, N. tabacum - necrotic local lesions, usually no systemic spread (except the bean stipple streak strain in P. vulgaris).

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, Nicotiana clevelandii, N. tabacum.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), Phaseolus vulgaris (L), Vigna radiata (L), V. unguiculata (L).

Susceptible host species

• Amaranthus caudatus
• Antirrhinum majus
• Arachis hypogaea
• Avena sativa
• Beta vulgaris
• Brassica campestris ssp. rapa
• Brassica oleracea var. capitata
• Capsicum frutescens
• Catharanthus roseus
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cichorium endiva
• Clarkia amoena
• Cucumis melo
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita maxima
• Cucurbita pepo
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• Datura stramonium
• Fragaria vesca
• Glycine max
• Gomphrena globosa
• Gypsophila elegans
• Helianthus annuus
• Hordeum vulgare
• Hyoscyamus niger
• Lactuca sativa
• Lathyrus odoratus
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Nicandra physalodes
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana sylvestris
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Pisum sativum
• Ricinus communis
• Sinningia speciosa
• Solanum nodiflorum
• Sonchus oleraceus
• Spinacia oleracea
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Trifolium incarnatum
• Trifolium pratense
• Trifolium repens
• Triticum aestivum
• Tulipa gesneriana
• Vigna radiata
• Vigna unguiculata
• Zea mays
• Zinnia elegans

Insusceptible host species

• Calendula officinalis
• Daucus carota
• Dianthus barbatus
• Euphorbia marginata
• Ipomoea setosa
• Medicago sativa
• Myosotis sylvatica
• Physalis peruviana
• Raphanus sativus
• Secale cereale
• Solanum melongena
• Tropaeolum majus
• Vicia faba

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (2/2)
• Apocynaceae (1/1)
• Caryophyllaceae (1/2)
• Chenopodiaceae (5/5)
• Compositae (5/6)
• Cruciferae (2/3)
• Cucurbitaceae (4/4)
• Euphorbiaceae (1/2)
• Gesneriaceae (1/1)
• Gramineae (4 /5)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (11/13)
• Liliaceae (1/1)
• Onagraceae (1/1)
• Rosaceae (1/1)
• Scrophulariaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (11/13)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Boraginaceae (1/1)
• Caryophyllaceae (1/2)
• Compositae (1/6)
• Convolvulaceae (1/1)
• Cruciferae (1/3)
• Euphorbiaceae (1/2)
• Gramineae (1/5)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (2/13)
• Solanaceae (2 /13)
• Tropaeolaceae (1/1)
• Umbelliferae (1/1)

Sources of host-range data

Price (1940); Thornberry (1966).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 85-95 °C. LIV: 7-28 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 4. Leaf sap contains few virions. Electron microscopy: aldehyde fixation necessary for some strains (Finlay and Teakle, 1969).

Purification method

Finlay and Teakle (1969); Kassanis (1970).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 26 nm in diameter; rounded in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 118 S. Density 1.399 g cm^-3 in CsCl. Isoelectric point pH 4.5 (B strain).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 19 % nucleic acid; 81 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 3.759 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 3.759 kb. Base composition 24 % G; 27.5 % A; 22.5 % C; 25.5 % U. 5´ terminus of RNA has an unusual type (uncapped). Infectivity retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Poly A region at 3´ terminus absent.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• D00942 Em(40)_vi:TNCDNSC Gb(84)_vi:TNCDNSC Tobacco necrosis virus genome, complete sequence. 1/94 3,759bp.
• L04261 Em(40)_vi:TNCPOLCOA Gb(84)_vi:TNCPOLCOAT Tobacco necrosis virus (Nebraska) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene, 3´ end p10.7, p6.2 and c
• M33002 Em(40)_vi:TNCPOLY Gb(84)_vi:TNCPOLY Tobacco necrosis virus RNA dependent RNA polymerase and coat protein genes, complete cds. 7/9
• X58455 Gb(84)_vi:TNVARNA Tobacco necrosis virus type A RNA. 6/94 2,236bp.

Features of the genome

Features of the genome: 5 ORFs encoding proteins of 23, 82, 7.9, 6.2 and 30 kDa with a sixth encoding a 6.7 kDa protein found only in strain A. The 82 kDa protein is probably a polymerase, and the 30 kDa the coat protein.

Non-genomic nucleic acid not found in the virions. Sub-genomic mRNA found in infected cells; Two subgenomic RNAs (1.6 and 1.3 kb); the smaller encodes the coat protein, and the larger the proteins of ORF 3 and, possibly, ORF 4.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 30000 (268-275 amino acid residues); coat protein. Method of preparation: Lesnaw and Reichmann (1969); Uyemoto and Grogan (1969).

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in roots; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are crystals in the cytoplasm, or unusual in shape; string-like arrays and aggregates in the nucleus; they contain virions (Edwardson and Christie, 1986).

Taxonomy and relationships

Necrovirus (the type species)

Comments and References

References

• Adam, G., Winter, S. and Lesemann, D.-E. (1990). Ann. appl. Biol. 116: 523.
• Babos, P. and Kassanis, B. (1962). Virology 18: 206.
• Babos, P. and Kassanis, B. (1963). J. gen. Microbiol. 32: 135.
• Bawden, F.C. and van der Want, J.P.H. (1949). Tijdschr. PlZiekt. 55: 142.
• Coutts, R.H.A., Rigden, J.E., Slabar, A.R., Lomonossoff, G.P. and Wise, P.J. (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 1521.
• Edwardson, J.R. and Christie, R.G. (1986). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 14, p. 525.
• Faccioli, G. (1970). Proc. 4th Nat. Strawberry Conf., Cesena, Italy, p. 351.
• Faccioli, G. (1974). Phytopathol. Medit. 13: 71.
• Finlay, J.R. and Teakle, D.S. (1969). J. gen. Virol. 5: 93.
• Gama, M.I.C.S., Kitajima, E.W. and Lin, M.T. (1982). Phytopathology 72: 529.
• Kassanis, B. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 14, 4 pp.
• Kassanis, B. (1977). In: Atlas of Insect and Plant Viruses, p. 281; ed K. Maramorosch. Academic Press, New York.
• Kassanis, B. and Macfarlane, I. (1965). Virology 26: 603.
• Lesnaw, J.A. and Reichmann, M.E. (1969). Virology 39: 738.
• Mali, V.R. (1976). Indian Phytopath. 29: 266.
• Meulewaeter, F., Seurinck, J. and van Emmelo, J. (1990). Virology 177: 699.
• Price, W.C. (1940). Am. J. Bot. 27: 530.
• Smith, K.M. and Bald, J.G. (1935). Parasitol. 27: 231.
• Stussi-Garaud, C., Lemins, J. and Fraenkel-Conrat, H. (1977). Virology 81: 224.
• Teakle, D.S. (1962). Phytopathology 52: 1037.
• Temmink, J.H.M., Campbell, R.N. and Smith, P.R. (1970). J. gen. Virol. 9: 201.
• Thornberry, H.H. (1966). In: Index of Plant Virus Diseases. U.S. Dep. Agric. Hdbk No. 307, p. 312.
• Tomlinson, J.A., Faithfull, E.M., Webb, M.J.W., Fraser, R.S.S. and Seeley, N.D. (1983). Ann. appl. Biol. 102: 135.
• Uyemoto, J.K. (1981). in Handbook of Plant Infections and Comparative Diagnosis. p.123, ed. E. Kurstak. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.
• Uyemoto, J.K. and Grogan, R.G. (1969). Virology 39: 79
• Uyemoto, J.K., Grogan, R.G. and Wakeman, J.R. (1968). Virology 34: 410.
• Van Koot, Y. and van Dorst, H.J.M. (1955). Tijdschr. PlZiekt. 61: 163.
• Van der Want, J.P.H. (1948). Tijdschr. PlZiekt. 54: 85.

Illustrations

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.