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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Tobacco mosaic tobamovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by M. Zaitlin, 1984.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

virus mosaique de tabac, tobacco mosaic virus - U1, tobacco mosaic virus - type, tobacco mosaic virus - vulgare, tobacco mosaic virus common strain.

Acronym

TMV

Strains

Japanese common strain, masked strain M and many others.

ICTV decimal code

71.0.1.0.012

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Nicotiana tabacum - leaf mosaic, severe crop losses.
  Also found in many other plant species.

Transmission

Transmitted by means not involving a vector. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by contact between plants; transmitted by seed (occasionally transmitted through the testa, but not through the embryo); not transmitted by pollen.

Geographical distribution

Probably distributed worldwide.

Experimental host range

Many (>9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Nicotiana tabacum (various cultivars) - systemic mosaic.
• Chenopodium quinoa, Nicotiana glutinosa and N. tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc - local lesions.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Nicotiana tabacum cv. Turkish Samsun.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium quinoa (L), Nicotiana glutinosa (L), N. tabacum cvs Samsun NN or Xanthi-nc (L).

Susceptible host species

• Beta vulgaris
• Capsicum frutescens
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium hybridum
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cucumis melo
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita pepo
• Datura stramonium
• Lactuca sativa
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana bigelovii
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana sylvestris
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Papaver nudicaule
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Physalis floridana
• Physalis peruviana
• Solanum tuberosum

Insusceptible host species

• Apium graveolens
• Avena sativa
• Bellis perennis
• Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis
• Capsella bursa-pastoris
• Cheiranthus cheiri
• Chrysanthemum morifolium
• Dahlia pinnata
• Daucus carota
• Dianthus barbatus
• Gossypium hirsutum
• Helianthus annuus
• Hordeum vulgare
• Ipomoea nil
• Ipomoea setosa
• Matthiola incana
• Nicotiana megalosiphon
• Pastinaca sativa
• Petroselinum crispum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Pisum sativum
• Raphanus sativus
• Salvia splendens
• Secale cereale
• Sinningia speciosa
• Solanum melongena
• Solanum nigrum
• Spinacia oleracea
• Stellaria media
• Triticum aestivum
• Zea mays
• Zinnia elegans

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (4/5)
• Compositae (1/6)
• Cucurbitaceae (3/3)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (1/2)
• Papaveraceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (15/19)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Caryophyllaceae (2/2)
• Chenopodiaceae (1/5)
• Compositae (5/6)
• Convolvulaceae (2/2)
• Cruciferae (5/5)
• Gesneriaceae (1/1)
• Gramineae (5/5)
• Labiatae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (1/2)
• Malvaceae (1 /1)
• Solanaceae (4/19)
• Umbelliferae (4/4)

Sources of host-range data

Holmes (1946); Cheo and Gerard (1971).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

LIV: 3000 days. Infectivity of sap not changed by treatment with di-ethyl ether. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Gooding and Hebert (1967); Asselin and Zaitlin (1978).

Particle morphology

Virions rod-shaped; not enveloped; usually straight; with a clear modal length; of 300 nm; 18 nm wide. Axial canal obvious; 2 nm in diameter. Basic helix obvious; pitch of basic helix 2.3 nm.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations (the main component is of intact virions, but shorter rods are found, and two of these contain encapsidated sub-genomic RNAs); sedimentation coefficient 194 S. Density 1.325 g cm^-3 in CsCl. Isoelectric point pH 3.5.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 5 % nucleic acid; 95 % protein; 0 % lipid. Also include a trace amount of metal ions.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 6.395 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 6.395 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Mandeles and Bruening (1968). Base composition 25.3 % G; 29.8 % A; 18.5 % C; 26.3 % U. 5´ terminus of RNA has a methylated nucleotide cap. Infectivity retained when deproteinised with proteases; retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Poly A region absent (at 3´ terminus). Additional factor not required for infectivity. Genome has tRNA-like activity. Genome accepts histidine. Nucleotide sequence references: Goelet et al., (1982).

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• D13367 Gb(84)_vi:MTVCP Tobacco mosaic virus CP gene. 7/94 474bp.
• D13438 Em(40)_vi:MTVGRNA Gb(84)_vi:MTVGRNA Tobacco mosaic virus genomic RNA. 12/93 6,507bp.
• D17458 Em(40)_vi:MTV30KP Gb(84)_vi:MTV30KP Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA for 30K protein, complete cds. 3/94 795bp.
• D38444 Em(44)_vi:Mtvcg Gb(90)_vi:Mtvcg Tobacco mosaic virus RNA. 10/94 6,303bp.
• J02412 Em(40)_vi:TO30KOM Gb(84)_vi:MTV30KOM tobacco mosaic virus 30k protein gene. 4/90 961bp.
• J02413 Em(40)_vi:TOC30KCP Gb(84)_vi:MTV30KCP tobacco mosaic virus(cowpea strain) 30k & coat protein genes. 4/90 1,800bp.
• J02415 Gb(84)_vi:MTVVCG Tobacco mosaic virus (strain vulgare), complete genome. 9/88 6,395bp.
• L11665 Em(40)_vi:MTVNGHYPE Gb(84)_vi:MTVNGHYPER Tobacco mosaic virus RNA. 8/93 6,506bp
• L35073 Gb(84)n:MTVCOATPRA Tobacco mosaic virus coat protein, complete cds. 8/94 678bp.
• L35074 Gb(84)n:MTVCOATPRO Tobacco mosaic virus coat protein, complete cds. 8/94 680bp.
• M19101 Em(40)_sy:AGVCHY Gb(84)_sy:SYNRMTVCHY Tobacco mosaic virus/calf chymosin recombined mRNA, promoter and 5´ end. 7/89 101bp.
• M19102 Em(40)_sy:AGVLSZ Gb(84)_sy:SYNRMTVLSZ Tobacco mosaic virus/chicken lysozyme recombined mRNA, promotor and 5´ end. 7/89 107bp
• M19103 Em(40)_sy:AGVCAT Gb(84)_sy:SYNRMTVCAT Tobacco mosaic virus/plasmid pJII2 chloramphenicol transferase recombined mRNA, leader and 5´
• M19104 Em(40)_sy:AGVNTP Gb(84)_sy:SYNRMTVNTP Tobacco mosaic virus/plasmid pJII3 neomycin phosphotransferase II recombined mRNA, leader and
• M19105 Em(40)_sy:AGVGUSA Gb(84)_sy:SYNVGUSA Tobacco mosaic virus/plasmid pJII119 beta-glucuronidase recombined mRNA, leader and 5´ end. 7
• M19106 Em(40)_sy:AGVGUSB Gb(84)_sy:SYNVGUSB Tobacco mosaic virus/plasmid pJII139 beta-glucuronidase recombined mRNA, leader and 5´ end. 7
• M24809 Em(40)_vi:TOBMTVGT Gb(84)_vi:MTVGTAMV tobacco mosaic virus RNA, 3´ end. 2/90 72bp.
• M24955 Em(40)_vi:MTVU1RAA Gb(84)_vi:MTVU1RAA Tobacco mosaic virus (U1) omega RNA. 9/90 70bp.
• M24992 Gb(84)_vi:MTVU2RAA Tobacco mosaic virus (U2) omega RNA. 9/89 93bp.
• V01405 Em(40)_vi:TOTMV1 Gb(84)_vi:TOTMV1 Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA 5´ coding region (nucleotides 69 to 236). 7/89 168bp.
• V01407 Em(40)_vi:TOTMV3 Gb(84)_vi:TOTMV3 Two tobacco mosaic virus genes (viral transport and coat protein). 9/93 961bp.
• V01408 Em(40)_vi:TOTMV4 Gb(84)_vi:TOTMV4 Tobacco mosaic virus genome (variant 1). 7/83 6,395bp
• V01409 Em(40)_vi:TOTMV5 Gb(84)_vi:TOTMV5 Tobacco mosaic virus genome (variant 2). 7/83 6,398bp.
• X00052 Em(40)_vi:TOTMV6 Gb(84)_vi:TOTMV6 Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) common strain OM. 5´-terminal region. 6/85 275bp.
• X00053 Em(40)_vi:TOTMV7 Gb(84)_vi:TOTMV7 Tobacco mosaic virus tomato (TMV) strain L. 5´-terminal region. 6/85 278bp.
• X02144 Em(40)_vi:TOTMV8 Gb(84)_vi:TOTMV8 Tobacco mosaic virus tomato strain (L) genome. 9/93 6,384bp.
• X66047 Em(40)_vi:TMV54KDA Gb(84)_vi:TMV54KDA Tobacco Mosaic Virus RNA for 54 kDa protein. 6/92 1,566bp.
• X68110 Em(40)_vi:TMVCG Gb(84)_vi:TMVCG Tobacco mosaic virus, complete genome. 10/92 6,395bp.
• X70882 Em(40)_vi:TMVPM2CP Gb(84)_vi:TMVPM2CP Tobacco mosaic virus PM2 mRNA for capsid protein. 7/93 765bp
• X70883 Em(40)_vi:TMVDT1CP Gb(84)_vi:TMVDT1CP Tobacco mosaic virus DT1 mRNA for capsid protein. 7/93 765bp.
• X70884 Em(40)_vi:TMVDT2CP Gb(84)_vi:TMVDT2CP Tobacco mosaic virus DT2 mRNA for capsid protein. 7/93 763bp.
• X70885 Em(40)_vi:TMVDT1GCP Gb(84)_vi:TMVDT1GCP Tobacco mosaic virus DT1G mRNA for capsid protein. 7/93 763bp.
• Z29370 Em(40)_vi:TMVRPTPCP Gb(84)_vi:TMVRPTPCP Tobacco mosaic virus (Crucifer) genomic RNA for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; 122K protein.
• M25782 Em(43)_vi:Sllcp Gb(89)_vi:Sllcp Satellite tobacco mosaic virus coat protein RNA, complete cds. 11/94 1,058bp.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid found in the virions; is subgenomic mRNA and host genomic RNA. Sub-genomic mRNA found in infected cells.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) two; M_r of the larger 26500; protein of unknown function; about 1 copy per virion. M_r of 2nd largest 17500; coat protein. Method of preparation: Fraenkel-Conrat (1957); Collmer et al. (1983). Amino acid sequence: Goelet et al., (1982).

Virus-coded non-virion proteins identified by genomic sequence analysis; four proteins found. M_r of the largest 183000; possibly a replicase protein. M_r of 2nd largest 126000; possibly a helicase protein. M_r of 3rd 54000. M_r of 4th 30000.

Replication

Genome replicates possibly on membranous structures in the cytoplasm: the protein synthesized by cytoplasmic ribosomes, the assembly site for virions not known. Coat protein mRNA translated in the cytoplasm. Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm and in nuclei; and possibly chloroplasts. Inclusions present in infected cells; are crystals in the cytoplasm and amorphous X-bodies; they contain virions. Other cellular changes: chloroplasts disrupted in systemic infections.

Taxonomy and relationships

Tobamovirus (the type species)

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

All species of the genus related to different extents (Van Regenmortel, 1970).

Comments and References

References

• Allard, H.A. (1914). Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric. 40: 33 pp.
• Asselin, A. and Zaitlin, M. (1978). Virology 91: 173.
• Butler, P.J.G. (1984). J. gen. Virol. 65: 253.
• Cheo, P.C. and Gerard, J.S. (1971). Phytopathology 61: 1010.
• Clark, M.F. and Bar-Joseph, M. (1984). Methods in Virol. VII, p. 51.
• Collmer, C.H., Vogt, V.M. and Zaitlin, M. (1983). Virology 126: 429.
• Fraenkel-Conrat, H. (1957). Virology 4: 1.
• Garcia-Arenal, F., Palukaitis, F. and Zaitlin, M. (1984). Virology 132: 131.
• Gibbs, A.J. (1977). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 184, 6 pp.
• Goelet, P., Lomonossoff, G.P., Butler, P.J.G., Akam, M.E., Gait, M.J. and Karn, J. (1982). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 79: 5818.
• Gooding, J.V. and Hebert, T.T. (1967). Phytopathology 57: 1285.
• Haseloff, J., Goelet, P., Zimmern, D., Ahlquist, P., Dasgupta, R. and Kaesberg, P. (1984). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 81: 4358.
• Hills, J.G., Plaskitt, K.A., Young, M.D., Dunigan, D.D., Watts, J.W., Wilson, T.M.A. and Zaitlin, M. (1987). Virology 161: 488.
• Hirth, L. and Richards, K.E. (1981). Adv. Virus Res. 26: 145.
• Holmes, F.O. (1946). Phytopathology 36: 643.
• Iwanovski, D. (1892). Izv. imp. Akad. Nauk. 35: 67.
• Mandeles, S. and Bruening, G. (1968). Biochem. Prep. 12: 111.
• Mayer, A. (1886). Landw. VersStnen 32: 451.
• Milne, R.G. (1984). Methods in Virol. VII, p. 88.
• Rezaian, M.A., Williams, R.H.V., Gordon, K.H.J., Gould, A.R. and Symons, R.H. (1984). Eur. J. Biochem. 143: 277.
• Stanley, W.M. (1935). Science 81: 644.
• Tsugita, A., Gish, D.T., Yopung, J., Fraenkel-Conrat, H., Knight, C.A. and Stanley, W.M. (1960). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 46: 1463.
• Van Regenmortel, M.H.V. (1970). Virology 31: 467.
• Van Regenmortel, M.H.V. (1981). In: Handbook of Plant Virus Infections and Comparative Diagnosis, p. 541; ed. E. Kurstak. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.
• Zaitlin, M. and Israel, H.W. (1975). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 151, 5 pp.

Illustrations

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.