Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Tobacco mild green mosaic tobamovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by A.J. Gibbs, 1988.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

green-tomato atypical mosaic virus (Wetter, 1984; 1986), mild strain of tobacco mosaic virus (Johnson, 1947; Wetter, 1984), para-tobacco mosaic virus (Köhler and Panjan, 1943; Wetter, 1984), tobacco mosaic virus - South Carolina mild mottling strain (McKinney, 1952; Wetter, 1984), tobacco mosaic virus strain U2 (Johnson, 1947; Siegel and Wildman, 1954; Wetter, 1984), tobacco mosaic virus strain U5, tomato atypical mosaic green mottling strain (Knight et al., 1962; Miller and Thornberry, 1958).

Acronym

TMGMV

ICTV decimal code

71.0.1.0.011

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Nicotiana glauca - bright yellow mosaic, mottling, ringspots and cupping; stunting.
• N. tabacum cv. Samsun - mild green mosaic.
• Capsicum annuum - severe necrotic mosaic; plants often killed.
• Eryngium aquaticum, E. planum - systemic yellow flecking.

Transmission

Transmitted by means not involving a vector. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by seed.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by McKinney (1929); Randles et al. (1981); Wetter (1980).

Geographical distribution

Probably distributed worldwide (in Nicotiana glauca in Mediterranean climatic regions).

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Nicotiana glutinosa, N. sylvestris, N. tabacum cvs Xanthi-nc, White Burley - systemic yellow mosaic, ringspots.
• Datura stramonium, Chenopodium amaranticolor - local lesions; not systemic.
• Eryngium aquaticum, E. planum - systemic yellow flecks.
• Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Rutgers - yellow mosaic with Australian isolate.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Lycopersicon esculentum, Canary Island and American cvs to Canary Island isolates (McKinney, 1929) L. esculentum cv. Marmande (Wetter et al., 1984).

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Nicotiana glauca, N. tabacum cv. Samsun, Eryngium aquaticum (maintenance), Nicotiana clevelandii.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Nicotiana glutinosa (L), Datura stramonium (L).

Susceptible host species

• Capsicum annuum
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Datura stramonium
• Eryngium aquaticum
• Eryngium planum
• Lycopersicon esculentum (cv. Rutgers)
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana glauca
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana glutinosa × N. clevelandii
• Nicotiana sylvestris
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Ocimum basilicum
• Petunia × hybrida

Insusceptible host species

• Lycopersicon esculentum (cv. Marmande)

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (2/2)
• Labiatae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (10/10)
• Umbelliferae (2/2)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Solanaceae (1/10)

Sources of host-range data

Wetter (1980; 1984); Wetter et al. (1984).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 85-90 °C. LIV: more than 35000 days (i.e. more than 90 years). Infectivity of sap not changed by treatment with di-ethyl ether. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Boedtker and Simmons (1958).

Particle morphology

Virions rod-shaped; not enveloped; usually straight; with a clear modal length; of 308 nm; 18 nm wide. Axial canal obvious. Basic helix obvious.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 190 S. Density 1.307 g cm^-3 in CsCl. Isoelectric point pH 3.16.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 5 % nucleic acid; 95 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 6.355 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 6.355 kb. Additional factor not required for infectivity.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• M34077 Em(40)_vi:TMGCG Gb(84)_vi:TMGCG Tobacco mild green mosaic virus complete genome. 1/91 6,355bp
• M34236 Em(40)_vi:TMGMPCPA Gb(84)_vi:TMGMPCPA Tobacco mild green mosaic virus movement and coat protein genes, complete cds. 2/91 1,413bp.
• X81172 Gb(84)n:TMGMVAUS6 Tobacco mild green mosaic Virus AUS6 genomic RNA. 8/94 414bp
• X81173 Gb(84)n:TMGVCA7 Tobacco mild green mosaic Virus CA7 genomic RNA. 8/94 414bp.
• X81174 Gb(84)n:TMGVCRA Tobacco mild green mosaic Virus CR-A genomic RNA. 8/94 414bp.
• X81175 Gb(84)n:TMGVCRB Tobacco mild green mosaic Virus CR-B genomic RNA. 8/94 414bp.
• X81176 Gb(84)n:TMGVE5 Tobacco mild green mosaic Virus E5 genomic RNA. 8/94 414bp.
• X81177 Gb(84)n:TMGVEGYPT Tobacco mild green mosaic Virus EGYPT genomic RNA. 8/94 414bp.
• X81178 Gb(84)n:TMGVGAE21 Tobacco mild green mosaic Virus GAE2.1 genomic RNA. 8/94 414bp.
• X81179 Gb(84)n:TMGVMV1 Tobacco mild green mosaic Virus MV1 genomic RNA. 8/94 414bp
• X81180 Gb(84)n:TGMVNSW38 Tobacco mild green mosaic Virus NSW/38 genomic RNA. 8/94 414bp.
• X81181 Gb(84)n:TMGMVU2D Tobacco mild green mosaic Virus U2-D genomic RNA. 8/94 414bp.

Features of the genome

Sub-genomic mRNA found in infected cells.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one. Amino acid sequence: Altschuh et al. (1981).

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant (Solberg and Bald, 1963); in cytoplasm, in nuclei, and in chloroplasts. Inclusions present in infected cells; are crystals in the cytoplasm and unusual in shape; angled-layer aggregates and paracrystals; they contain virions.

Taxonomy and relationships

Tobamovirus

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Tobacco mosaic, tomato mosaic and odontoglossum ringspot viruses are closely related and cucumber green mottle mosaic and sunn-hemp mosaic tobamoviruses are distantly related.

Additional comments on relationships

The virion protein of tobacco mild green mosaic virus has 67-68% amino acid homology with those of tobacco mosaic and tomato mosaic, 60% with odontoglossum ringspot and less than 45% with those of other tobamoviruses; thus it is most closely related to other `solanaceous tobamoviruses' (Gibbs, 1986). Nucleic acid hybridization tests confirm these results (Palukaitis and Symons, 1980).

Best tests for diagnosis

Tobacco mild green mosaic virus infects Eryngium aquaticum and E. planum systemically, whereas tobacco mosaic and pepper mild mottle viruses infect only inoculated leaves.

Comments and References

References

• Bald, J.G. and Goodchild, D.J. (1960). Phytopathology 50: 497.
• Boedtker, H. and Simmons, N.S. (1958). J. Am. chem. Soc. 80: 2550.
• Gibbs, A.J. (1986). In: The Plant Viruses; Vol. 2, The Rod-Shaped Plant Viruses; eds M.H.V. van Regenmortel and H. Fraenkel-Conrat. Plenum Press, New York.
• Johnson, J. (1947). Phytopathology 37: 822.
• Knight, C.A., Silva, D.M., Dahl, D. and Tsugita, A. (1962). Virology 16: 236.
• Köhler, E. and Panjan, M. (1943). Ber. Deutsch. bot. Ges. 61: 175.
• McKinney, H.H. (1929). J. Agric. Res. 39: 557.
• McKinney, H.H. (1952). Pl. Dis. Reptr 36: 184.
• Miller, P.M. and Thornberry, H.H. (1958). Phytopathology 48: 665.
• Palukaitis, P. and Symons, R.H. (1980). Virology 107: 354.
• Randles, J., Palukaitis, P. and Davies, C. (1981). Ann. appl. Biol. 98: 109.
• Solis, I. and Garcia-Arenal, F. (1990). Virology 177: 553.
• Siegel, A. and Wildman, S.G. (1954). Phytopathology 44: 277.
• Van de Walle, M.J. and Siegel, A. (1982). Phytopathology 72: 390.
• Wetter, C. (1980). Z. PflKrankh. PflPath. PflSchutz. 87: 150.
• Wetter, C. (1984). Phytopathology 74: 1308.
• Wetter, C. (1986). In: Plant Viruses; Vol. 2, The Rod-Shaped Plant Viruses; eds M.H.V. van Regenmortel and H. Fraenkel-Conrat. Plenum Press, New York.
• Wetter, C. (1989). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 351, 6 pp.
• Wetter, C., Conti, M., Altschuh, D., Tabillion, R. and van Regenmortel, M.H.V. (1984). Phytopathology 74: 405.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.