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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Sunn-hemp mosaic tobamovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by A.J. Gibbs, 1983. Revised 1985.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

bean strain of tobacco mosaic virus, cowpea strain of tobacco mosaic virus, cowpea chlorotic spot virus (Sharma and Varma, 1975; Varma, 1986), cowpea mosaic virus (Lister and Thresh, 1955; Kassanis and Varma, 1975), cowpea yellow mosaic virus, Crotalaria mucronata mosaic virus, dolichos enation mosaic virus (Capoor and Varma, 1948; Kassanis and Varma, 1975), sunn-hemp rosette virus (Varma, 1986; Verma and Awasthi, 1976; 1978).

Acronym

SHMV

ICTV decimal code

71.0.1.0.010

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Crotalaria juncea, Lablab purpureus, Vigna unguiculata, Mucuna aterrima - systemic mosaic, mottling, stunting.

Transmission

Transmitted by means not involving a vector. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by contact between plants; probably transmitted by seed; not transmitted by pollen.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in in the tropics.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Cajanus cajan - systemic leaf mosaic and mottling.
• Crotalaria juncea - systemic vein yellowing, mosaic, mottling and stunting.
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba - necrotic local lesions.
• Phaseolus vulgaris - necrotic or chlorotic local lesions; systemic mosaic and vein yellowing.
• Vigna unguiculata - systemic mosaic, mottling and vein yellowing.
• Nicotiana glutinosa - necrotic local lesions; not systemic.
• Petunia × hybrida, Solanum melongena, Tropaeolum majus - few or no systemic symptoms.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Catharanthus roseus, Cucumis sativus, Lablab purpureus, Vicia faba (with most, but not all, isolates).

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Phaseolus vulgaris.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Nicotiana glutinosa (L), N. tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc (L), Phaseolus vulgaris (L), most cultivars.

Susceptible host species

• Beta vulgaris
• Cajanus cajan
• Capsicum frutescens
• Cassia tora
• Crotalaria juncea
• Crotalaria retusa
• Crotalaria spectabilis
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• Datura stramonium
• Datura tatula
• Gomphrena globosa
• Lablab purpureus
• Mucuna aterrima
• Nicandra physalodes
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana sylvestris
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus lunatus
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Physalis peruviana
• Pisum sativum
• Solanum melongena
• Solanum nigrum
• Spinacia oleracea
• Tropaeolum majus
• Vigna unguiculata
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis

Insusceptible host species

• Abelmoschus esculentus
• Catharanthus roseus
• Cucumis sativus
• Lablab purpureus
• Macrotyloma uniflorum
• Rumex acetosa
• Vicia faba
• Zinnia elegans

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (2/2)
• Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (13/15)
• Solanaceae (12/12)
• Tropaeolaceae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Apocynaceae (1/1)
• Compositae (1/1)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (3/15)
• Malvaceae (1/1)
• Polygonaceae (1/1)

Sources of host-range data

Capoor (1962).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 90-95 °C. LIV: 3000 days (or longer). DEP: log₁₀ minus 6-7. Infectivity of sap not changed by treatment with di-ethyl ether. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Kassanis and Varma (1975).

Particle morphology

Virions rod-shaped; not enveloped; usually straight; with a clear modal length; of 300 nm (also c. 25 nm); 17 nm wide. Axial canal obscure; 4 nm in diameter. Basic helix obvious; pitch of basic helix 2.3 nm.

Physical properties

Three sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient of the fastest 187 S; of the other(s) 35 S, or 75 S. Density 1.318 g cm^-3 in CsCl.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 5 % nucleic acid; 95 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 6.5 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 6.5 kb. 5´ terminus of RNA has a methylated nucleotide cap. Infectivity retained when deproteinised with proteases; retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Poly A region absent. Genome has tRNA-like activity. Genome accepts valine.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

Em_vi:TOC30KCP - 30k and coat protein genes, 1,800bp.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid found in the virions (short virions); is subgenomic mRNA (coat protein). Sub-genomic mRNA found in infected cells; found in short virions.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 18062. Amino acid composition: Rees and Short (1975).

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant. Inclusions present in infected cells; are amorphous X-bodies.

Taxonomy and relationships

Tobamovirus

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Most tobamoviruses.

Comments and References

References

• Capoor, S.P. and Varma, S.P. (1948). Curr. Sci. 17: 57.
• Capoor, S.P. (1962). Phytopathology 52: 393.
• Kassanis, B. and McCarthy, D. (1967). J. gen. Virol. 1: 425.
• Kassanis, B. and Varma, A. (1975). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 153, 4 pp.
• Lister, R.M. and Thresh, J.M. (1955). Nature, Lond. 175: 1047
• Rees, M.N. and Short, M.N. (1975). Biochim. biophys. Acta 393: 15.
• Sharma, S.R. and Varma, A. (1975). Indian Phytopath. 28: 292.
• Varma, A. (1986). In: The Plant Viruses, Vol. 2, The Rod-Shaped Plant Viruses, p. 249; eds M.H.V. van Regenmortel and H. Fraenkel-Conrat. Plenum Press, New York.
• Verma, H.N. and Awasthi, L.P. (1976). Curr. Sci. 45: 642.
• Verma, H.N. and Awasthi, L.P. (1978). Phytopath. Z. 92: 83.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.