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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Soybean mosaic potyvirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by R. Goodman, 1980. Revised 1987 by J.R. Edwardson and L. Bos.

Nomenclature

Acronym

SMV

ICTV decimal code

57.0.1.0.061

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist, or disappear soon after infection (especially at high temperatures).
• Glycine max - Rugosity, dark green vein banding and light green interveinal areas, stunting, leaf curling and seed coat mottling, male sterility, flower deformation, less pubescent, necrosis, sometimes necrotic local lesions, systemic necrosis and bud blight.

Transmission

Transmitted by normally a vector; an insect; 16 species, including Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis fabae, Myzus persicae (Edwardson and Christie, 1986); Aphididae. Transmitted in a non-persistent manner. Virus does not require a helper virus for vector transmission (One strain is not aphid transmitted (Ross, 1975; Cho and Goodman, 1981)); transmitted by mechanical inoculation; up to 30% or higher transmitted by seed (not in Glycine max cvs Kawanggyo, Hill or Bienville (Cho et al., 1977; Ross, 1968; Porto and Hagedorn, 1975)); transmitted by pollen to the seed, or transmitted by pollen to the pollinated plant.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Ross (1968, 1977); Quiniones et al. (1971); Sun et al. (1977); Cho and Goodman (1979); Kiihl and Hartwig (1979); Dhingra and Chenulu (1980); Kwon and Oh (1980); Irwin and Schultz (1981); Polsten and Goodman (1981).

Geographical distribution

Probably distributed worldwide.

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium album, C. quinoa - chlorotic local lesions.
• Lablab purpureus - necrotic local lesion.
• Macroptilium lathyroides - systemic mosaic.
• Phaseolus vulgaris - systemic mosaic with some strains in some cultivars, but often latent or no infection.
• P. vulgaris cv. Top Crop - necrotic local lesions at 30ºC in detached leaves.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Cucumis sativus, Vicia faba, Petunia × hybrida.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Glycine max.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L), Lablab purpureus (L), Macrotyloma uniflorum (W), Glycine max (L/W), Phaseolus vulgaris (L).

Susceptible host species

• Antirrhinum majus
• Cassia occidentalis
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Crotalaria spectabilis
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• Glycine max
• Glycine soja
• Glycine wightii
• Lablab purpureus
• Lespedeza stipulacea
• Lespedeza striata
• Lupinus albus
• Macroptilium lathyroides
• Macrotyloma uniflorum
• Nicandra physalodes
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus lunatus
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Pisum sativum
• Sesbania exaltata
• Vicia faba
• Vigna unguiculata
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica

Insusceptible host species

• Avena sativa
• Beta vulgaris
• Brassica campestris
• Cajanus cajan
• Capsicum frutescens
• Cassia tora
• Catharanthus roseus
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita maxima
• Cucurbita pepo
• Datura metel
• Datura stramonium
• Dianthus barbatus
• Gomphrena globosa
• Gossypium hirsutum
• Helianthus annuus
• Hordeum vulgare
• Lablab purpureus
• Lactuca sativa
• Lotus corniculatus
• Lupinus angustifolius
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Macrotyloma uniflorum
• Medicago sativa
• Melilotus albus
• Melilotus officinalis
• Mimosa pudica
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus lunatus
• Physalis floridana
• Raphanus sativus
• Solanum nigrum
• Spinacia oleracea
• Trifolium hybridum
• Trifolium incarnatum
• Trifolium pratense
• Trifolium repens
• Triticum aestivum
• Tropaeolum majus
• Vicia faba
• Vigna radiata
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis
• Zea mays
• Zinnia elegans

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (2/5)
• Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (1/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (18/30)
• Scrophulariaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (4/11)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Apocynaceae (1/1)
• Caryophyllaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (3/5)
• Compositae (3/3)
• Cruciferae (2/2)
• Cucurbitaceae (3/3)
• Gramineae (4/4)
• Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae (1/2)
• Leguminosae-Mimosoideae (1 /1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (16/30)
• Malvaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (9/11)
• Tropaeolaceae (1/1)

Sources of host-range data

Conover (1948); Quantz (1961); Galvez (1963); Walters (1963); Edwardson (1974); Cho et al. (1977); Christie and Crawford (1978); Hampton et al. (1978).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: usually 50 °C, or 65-70 °C (with some isolates). LIV: 1-4 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 3-4. Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Ross (1967); Hill and Benner (1980).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually flexuous; with a clear modal length; of 650-700 nm, or 760 nm; 15-18 nm wide. Axial canal obscure. Basic helix obscure.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations (but tend to aggregate).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 5.3 % nucleic acid; 94.7 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 10.4 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 10.4 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Hill and Benner (1978, 1980a). Base composition 24.3 % G; 29.9 % A; 14.9 % C; 30.9 % U. Infectivity retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• D00507 Em(40)_vi:MSVCP Gb(84)_vi:SMVCPA Soybean mosaic virus, coat protein gene, complete cds. 7/93 1,168bp.
• D00717 Em(40)_vi:SMVNIA Gb(84)_vi:SMVNIA Soybean mosaic virus genome, CI protein, 3´ end, NIa proteinase, complete cds, NIb protein, 5
• S42280 Em(40)_un:S42280 Gb(84)_vi:S42280 SMV genome soybean mosaic virus SMV, strain G2, Genomic RNA Complete, 9588 nt. 2/93 9,588bp.
• S73815 Em(43)_vi:S73815 Gb(89)_vi:S73815 CP=coat protein (soybean mosaic virus SMV, Beijing isolate, Genomic, 1055 nt). 5/95 1,055bp.
• S77089 Gb(90)_un:S77089 polyprotein (soybean mosaic virus SMV-BJ, Beijing isolate, Genomic RNA, 1599 nt). 7/95 1,599bp.
• U25673 Gb(89)n:Smu25673 Soybean mosaic virus coat protein gene, complete cds. 6/95 807bp.
• X63771 Em(40)_vi:SMVCP Gb(84)_vi:X63771 Soybean Mosaic Virus gene for coat protein. 1/92 807bp.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid not found in the virions.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 28300. Method of preparation: Hill and Benner (1980b).

Virus-coded non-virion proteins isolated (Vance and Beachy (1984)); two proteins found.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in roots cortex, epidermis, phloem, testa and embryos; in cytoplasm (sometimes as cylindrical aggregations (Tu, 1975)). Inclusions present in infected cells; are cylindrical pinwheels and unusual in shape; , bundles, scrolls and laminated aggregates and are pinwheels, bundles, scrolls and short curved laminated aggregates; they do not contain virions. Other cellular changes: the production of fewer starch grains, but more vesicles in chloroplasts.

Taxonomy and relationships

Potyvirus: Potyviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Bean yellow mosaic, bean common mosaic, clover yellow vein and watermelon mosaic II viruses.

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Bean yellow mosaic strains 240-1 and OH-S, blackeye cowpea mosaic, gloriosa stripe and peanut mottle viruses.

Additional comments on relationships

Peptide analysis and immunoblot tests show that this virus is very closely related to blackeye cowpea mosaic potyvirus (D. Shukla, personal communication).

Best tests for diagnosis

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) does not infect Phaseolus vulgaris systemically, except cv. Double White Princess. Bean common mosaic (BCMV) and bean yellow mosaic (BYMV) viruses infect Phaseolus vulgaris systemically. BCMV does not infect Glycine max systemically and BYMV infects Vicia faba systemically.

Comments and References

References

• Bos, L. (1972). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 93, 4 pp.
• Cho, E.K. and Goodman, R.M. (1979). Phytopathology 69: 467.
• Cho, E.K. and Goodman, R.M. (1981). Phytopathology 71: 208.
• Clinton, G.P. (1915). Rep. Connecticut Agric. Exp. Stn 1915, p. 421.
• Dhingra, K.L. and Chenulu, V.V. (1980). Indian Phytopath. 33: 586.
• Edwardson, J.R. (1974). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 5, p. 103.
• Edwardson, J.R. and Christie, R.G. (1986). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 14, p. 432.
• Galvez, G.E. (1963). Phytopathology 53: 388.
• Gardener, M.W. and Kendrick, J.B. (1921). J. Agric. Res. 22: 111.
• Hampton, R., Beczner, L., Hagedorn, D., Bos, L., Inouye, T., Barnett, O.W., Musil, M. and Meiners, J. (1978). Phytopathology 68: 989.
• Hill, J.H. and Benner, H.I. (1978). Phytopath. News 12: 150.
• Hill, J.H. and Benner, H.I. (1980a). Phytopathology 70: 236.
• Hill, J.H. and Benner, H.I. (1980b). Phytopath. Z. 97: 272.
• Irwin, M.E. and Goodman, R.M. (1980). In: Ecological and Epidemiological Aspects, Spread of Plant Virus Diseases. ed. K.F. Harris. Academic Press, New York.
• Irwin, M.E and Schultz, G.A. (1981). FAO Pl. Prot. Bull. 29: 41.
• Kiihl, R.A.S. and Hartwig, E.E. (1979). Crop Sci. 19: 372.
• Kwon, S.H. and Oh, J.H. (1980). Crop Sci. 20: 403.
• Lucas, B.S. and Hill, J.H. (1980). Phytopath. Z. 99: 47.
• McLaughlin, M.R., Bryant, G.R., Hill, J.H., Benner, H.I. and Duvant, D.P. (1980). Phytopathology 70: 831.
• Quantz, L. (1916). Phytopath. Z. 43: 79.
• Quiniones, S.S., Dunleavy, J.M. and Fischer, J.W. (1971). Crop Sci. 11: 662.
• Ross, J.P. (1967). Phytopathology 57: 465.
• Ross, J.P. (1968). Pl. Dis. Reptr 52: 344.
• Ross, J.P. (1975). Pl. Dis. Reptr 59: 806.
• Ross, J.P. (1977). Crop Sci. 17: 869.
• Soong, M.M.C (1977). Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 128 pp.
• Sun, M., Hu, C.H., Lai, P.L. and Ng, O.D. (1977). Abstr. Am. Phytopath. Soc. 69th Ann. Meet. No. 44.
• Tu, J.C. (1975). Microbios 14: 151.
• Vance, V.B. and Beachy, R.N. (1984). Virology 132: 271.
• Walters, H.J. (1963). Pl. Dis. Reptr 47: 726.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.