Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Soybean dwarf luteovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by T. Tamada, 1980. Revised by G.R. Johnstone, R.R. Martin and P. Waterhouse, 1989.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

subterranean clover red leaf luteovirus.

Acronym

SbDV

Strains

soybean dwarf virus - dwarfing strain (SDV-D), soybean dwarf - leaf yellowing strain (SDV-Y).

ICTV decimal code

39.0.1.0.015

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Glycine max, Trifolium pratense - puckering, rugosity and yellowing, stunting.
• Pisum sativum - mild yellowing of older leaves.
• Phaseolus vulgaris - yellowing of leaves and stunting.
• Gomphrena globosa, Erodium moschatum, Trifolium subterraneum, Vicia sativa, Calandrinia caulescens - leaf reddening.
• Beta vulgaris, Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius, Medicago polymorpha - leaf yellowing.
• Trifolium repens, T. pratense - no symptoms.
• Vicia faba, Vicia articulata - leaf yellowing, rolling.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Acyrthosiphon (Aulacorthum) solani (some isolates also by Acyrthosiphon pisum); Aphididae. Transmitted in a persistent manner. Virus retained when the vector moults; does not multiply in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; does not require a helper virus for vector transmission; not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Ashby et al. (1979); Johnstone (1978); Tamada (1975).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Australia, Japan, New Zealand, and the USA (in California).

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Astragalus sinicus - systemic leaf yellowing or reddening.
• Glycine max - systemic puckering, rugosity and yellowing of leaves, stunting.
• Trifolium incarnatum, T. subterraneum - systemic leaf reddening.
• Vicia faba - systemic chlorosis and yellowing.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Glycine max, Pisum sativum.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Glycine max (W), Pisum sativum (W), Trifolium subterraneum (W).

Susceptible host species

• Arachis hypogaea
• Astragalus sinicus
• Beta vulgaris
• Calandrinia caulescens
• Erodium moschatum
• Glycine max
• Gomphrena globosa
• Lactuca sativa
• Lens culinaris
• Lupinus albus
• Lupinus angustifolius
• Lupinus cosentinii
• Medicago hispida
• Medicago polymorpha
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Pisum sativum
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Trifolium dubium
• Trifolium hybridum
• Trifolium incarnatum
• Trifolium pratense
• Trifolium repens
• Trifolium subterraneum
• Vicia articulata
• Vicia faba
• Vicia sativa

Insusceptible host species

• Brassica campestris ssp. napus
• Capsella bursa-pastoris
• Cicer arietinum
• Datura stramonium
• Lablab purpureus
• Lathyrus odoratus
• Linum usitatissimum
• Lotus corniculatus
• Medicago sativa
• Melilotus albus
• Stellaria media
• Vicia villosa
• Vigna angularis
• Vigna radiata
• Vigna unguiculata
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (1/1)
• Compositae (1/1)
• Geraniaceae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (20/31)
• Portulacaceae (1/1)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Caryophyllaceae (1/1)
• Cruciferae (2/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (11/31)
• Linaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (1/1)

Sources of host-range data

Tamada (1973, 1975); Johnstone et al. (1984).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 45-50 °C (when tested by insect injection or membrane feeding). LIV: more than 14 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 2-3. Infectivity of sap decreased by treatment with di-ethyl ether. Leaf sap contains few virions. Electron microscopy: not necessary to fix the virions.

Purification method

Tamada et al. (1969); Kojima and Tamada (1976); Tamada (1973); Ashby and Kyriakou (1982); Johnstone et al. (1982); Waterhouse and Helms (1985).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 25-27 nm in diameter; rounded in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 114 S.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 30 % nucleic acid; 70 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 5.861 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 5.861 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Waterhouse et al. (1987). Poly A region absent.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• L20835 Em(40)_vi:SDVCOATX Gb(84)_vi:SDVCOATX Soybean dwarf virus coat protein gene and 21 kDa ORF, complete cds. 3/94 612bp.
• L24049 Em(40)_vi:SDVRNAP Gb(84)_vi:SDVRNAP Soybean dwarf virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, coat protein, genome-linked protein genes,
• X15502 Em(40)_vi:LUSDPRM Gb(84)_vi:LUSDPRM Soybean dwarf virus genomic RNA for potential promoter. 3/92 122bp. 3 sequences.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) two; M_r of the major 24000; coat protein. M_r of 2nd largest 55000; possibly a read through protein from the coat protein. Method of preparation: Ashby and Kyriakou (1982).

Cytopathology

Virions found in phloem; in cytoplasm and in cell vacuoles. Inclusions absent from infected cells. Other cellular changes: phloem necrosis, starch accumulates in chloroplasts of epidermis and mesophyll cells.

Taxonomy and relationships

Luteovirus

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Beet western yellows, barley yellow dwarf (strains RPV and MAV), bean leaf roll, potato leafroll and tobacco necrotic dwarf viruses. Subterranean clover red leaf virus is so closely related that it is often considered to be the same species.

Best tests for diagnosis

ELISA tests using monoclonal antibodies.

Comments and References

General comments

A severe stunting disease of soybean (Glycine max), African soybean dwarf, was first noted in 1975 in Nigeria (Rossel and Thottappilly, 1983). The causal virus was transmitted in the persistent manner by Bemisia tabaci. It resembles that caused by soybean dwarf luteovirus, which is aphid-borne. Some soybean genotypes (e.g. cvs Improved Pelican, Indo 100 and Bossier) are very resistant to the Nigerian virus (Rossel and Thottappilly, 1985).

References

• Ashby, J.W. and Kyriakou, A. (1982). N.Z. Jl agric. Res. 25: 607.
• Ashby, J.W., Teh, P.B. and Close, R.C. (1979). N.Z. Jl agric. Res. 22: 361.
• D'Arcy, C.J., Torrance, L. and Martin, R.R. (1989). Phytopathology 79: 869.
• Johnstone, G.R. (1978). Aust. J. agric. Res. 29: 1003.
• Johnstone, G.R., Duffus, J.E., Munro, D. and Ashby, J.W. (1982). Aust. J. agric. Res. 33: 697.
• Johnstone, G.R., Ashby, J.W., Gibbs, A.J., Duffus, J.E., Thottappilly, G. and Fletcher, J.D. (1984). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 90: 225.
• Kojima, M. and Tamada, T. (1976). Phytopath. Z. 85(3): 347.
• Rathjen, J.P., Karageorgos, L.E., Habili, N., Waterhouse, P.M. and Symons, R.H. (1994). Virology 198: 671.
• Rossel, H.W. and Thottappilly, G. (1983). I.I.T.A. Res. Briefs 3: 3.
• Rossel, H.W. and Thottappilly, G. (1985). Virus Diseases of Important Food Crops in Tropical Africa. Ibadan: I.I.T.A.
• Tamada, T. (1970). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 36: 266.
• Tamada, T. (1973). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 39: 27.
• Tamada, T. (1975). Rep. Hokkaido Pref. Agric. Exp. Stn 24.
• Tamada, T. (1975). Rep. Hok. Pref. Agric. Exp. Stn 25: pp.144.
• Tamada, T. and Kojima, M. (1977). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 179, 4 pp.
• Tamada, T., Goto, T., Chiba, I. and Suwa, T. (1969). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 35: 282.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.