Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Sowbane mosaic sobemovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by D.S. Teakle, 1985.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

apple latent virus 2 (Bancroft and Tolin, 1967; Kirkpatrick et al., 1965), chenopodium mosaic virus (Bennett and Costa, 1961; Dias and Waterworth, 1967; Silva et al., 1958; Vuittenez, 1962), chenopodium seed-borne mosaic virus (Dias and Waterworth, 1967), chenopodium star mottle virus (Bancroft and Tolin, 1967).

Acronym

SoMV

ICTV decimal code

67.0.1.0.008

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Chenopodium spp. - systemic chlorotic mottling.
• Vitis sp., Prunus domestica - latent infection, but rarely infected.
• Atriplex suberecta - stunting and leaf deformation.
• Chenopodium murale - symptomless.

Transmission

Transmitted by probably a vector; an insect; Myzus persicae, Circulifer tenellus, Liriomyza langei, Halticus citri (Bennett and Costa, 1961). Probably none of these transmit frequently or specifically; Aphididae, or Cicadellidae, or Coleoptera (and Diptera). Not transmitted by Myzus persicae; Dias and Waterworth (1967). Transmitted in a non-persistent manner (Bennett and Costa, 1961). Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by seed (up to 60% in Chenopodium quinoa; Dias and Waterworth, 1967, and 20-70% in Chenopodium murale; Bennett and Costa, 1961); transmitted by pollen to the seed and transmitted by pollen to the pollinated plant (pollen contains much virus, Francki and Miles, 1985).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the South and Central American region; Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, the former Czechoslovakia, Italy, Japan, the USA, and the former Yugoslavia.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, C. murale - chlorotic local lesions, systemic yellow flecking, star shaped patterns, leaf deformation.
• Beta vulgaris - mild systemic mosaic.
• Only species of Chenopodiaceae show symptoms, but the virus locally infects plant species of several families including Solanaceae and Fabaceae (Dias and Waterworth, 1967).

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Chenopodium amaranticolor; C. quinoa; C. murale - for maintenance. Spinacia oleracea for purification.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium amaranticolor (L); C. quinoa (L).

Susceptible host species

• Atriplex hortensis
• Atriplex suberecta
• Beta macrocarpa
• Beta vulgaris
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium capitatum
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita maxima
• Datura metel
• Datura stramonium
• Fabaceae
• Gomphrena globosa
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Phaseolus lunatus
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Prunus domestica
• Solanaceae
• Spinacia oleracea
• Vigna unguiculata
• Vitis

Insusceptible host species

• Nicotiana glutinosa

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (10/10)
• Cucurbitaceae (2/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (3/3)
• Rosaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (4/5)
• Vitidaceae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Solanaceae (1/5)

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: usually 86-96 °C (Dias and Waterworth, 1967; Kado, 1971). LIV: 60 days (at 23ºC; Kado, 1971). DEP: log₁₀ minus 7-9 (or more; Kado, 1971; Teakle, 1968). Leaf sap contains many virions (Teakle, 1968). Electron microscopy: virions of some isolates may be more stable in PTA at pH 4 than at pH 7 (Finlay and Teakle, 1969; Guy, 1982).

Purification method

Steere (1956); Kado (1967); Guy (1982) used the method of Steere (1956), but resuspended virions in 10 mM sodium acetate, 1 mM magnesium acetate, pH 6.

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 26-28 nm in diameter; rounded in profile, or angular in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 104-107 S (Kado, 1971; Guy, 1982). Isoelectric point pH 4.4 (Kado, 1971).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 20 % nucleic acid; 80 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded. Total genome size 4.2 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 4.2 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Tremaine and Ronald (1977). Base composition 26 % G; 23.2 % A; 27.2 % C; 23.2 % U. Infectivity retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent (but infectivity is reduced; Saksena and Mink, 1970).

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 31000 (Kado, 1967), or 32000 (Guy, 1982). Amino acid composition: Kado, 1967.

Cytopathology

Virions found in mesophyll and xylem, but never in phloem (Lombardo et al., 1971); in cytoplasm and in cell vacuoles. Inclusions present in infected cells; are crystals in the cytoplasm; they contain virions. Other cellular changes: proliferation of tonoplasts with concentric membranes bulging into the vacuole (Lombardo et al., 1971).

Taxonomy and relationships

Sobemovirus

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Cocksfoot mottle, lucerne transient streak, rice yellow mottle, southern bean mosaic and turnip rosette viruses.

Comments and References

References

• Bancroft, J.B. and Tolin, S.A. (1967). Phytopathology 57: 639.
• Bennett, C.W. and Costa, A.S. (1961). Phytopathology 51: 546.
• Dias, H.J. and Waterworth, H.E. (1967). Can. J. Bot. 45: 1285.
• Finlay, J.R. and Teakle, D.S. (1969). J. gen. Virol. 5: 93.
• Francki, R.I.B. and Miles, R. (1985). Pl. Path. 34: 11.
• Guy, P. (1982). Australas. Pl. Path. 11: 51.
• Kado, C.J. (1967). Virology 31: 217.
• Kado, C.I. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 64, 4 pp.
• Kirkpatrick, H.C., Mink, G.I. and Lindner, R.C. (1965). Phytopathology 55: 286.
• Lombardo, G., Simonetta, M. and Bassi, M. (1971). Cariologia 24: 323.
• Milne, R.G. (1967). Virology 32: 58.
• Paul, H.L. and Huth, W. (1970). Phytopath. Z. 69: 1.
• Saksena, K.N. and Mink, G.I. (1970). Virology 40: 540.
• Silva, D.M., Meneghini, M. and Santos, H.L.S. (1958). Bragantia 17: 167.
• Steere, R.L. (1956). Phytopathology 46: 6.
• Teakle, D.S. (1968). Aust. J. biol. Sci. 21: 649.
• Tremaine, J.H. and Ronald, W.P. (1977). Can. J. Bot. 55: 2274.
• Vuittenez, A. (1962). Etudes Virologie Appliquee (Versailles) 3: 15.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.