Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Sonchus yellow net nucleorhabdovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by J.D. Wagner, 1991.

Nomenclature

Acronym

SYNV

ICTV decimal code

62.0.5.0.006

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist. Symptoms vein clearing, yellow netting, stunting.
• Bidens pilosa - symptomless; mixed infection with bidens mottle gives necrotic etching.
• Lactuca sativa - bright yellow interveinal spotting of older leaves.
• Sonchus oleraceus - chlorotic local lesions, vein clearing, yellow patches between veins.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Aphis coreopsidis; Aphididae. Not transmitted by Dactynotus sp., Hyperomyzus lactucae. Transmitted in a persistent manner. Virus multiplies in the vector; transmitted by mechanical inoculation.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the USA.

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show vein clearing, chlorotic local lesions, malformation or cupping, symptoms often disappear after 4-6 weeks.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Bidens pilosa - symptomless; mixed infection with bidens mottle gives necrotic etching.
• Chenopodium quinoa - local chlorotic local lesions, not systemic.
• Lactuca sativa - bright yellow interveinal spotting of older leaves.
• Nicotiana benthamiana - severe systemic vein clearing.
• N. clevelandii, N. debneyi, N. × edwardsonii, N. glutinosa - yellow netting, leaf cupping.
• Sonchus oleraceus - chlorotic local lesions, vein clearing, yellow patches between veins.
• Zinnia elegans - transient systemic vein clearing.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Capsicum frutescens, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Datura stramonium, Gomphrena globosa, Nicotiana tabacum.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Nicotiana × edwardsonii.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium quinoa (L).

Susceptible host species

• Bidens pilosa
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Lactuca sativa
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana × edwardsonii
• Sonchus oleraceus
• Zinnia elegans

Insusceptible host species

• Capsicum frutescens
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Datura stramonium
• Gomphrena globosa
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Solanum nigrum
• Vigna radiata

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (1/2)
• Compositae (4/4)
• Solanaceae (5/10)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (1/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (6/10)

Sources of host-range data

Christie et al. (1974); Jackson and Christie (1974); Falk et al. (1986).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

LIV: 0.33 days (less than 8 hours at 20ºC). DEP: log₁₀ minus 3-4. Leaf sap contains few virions. Electron microscopy: Christie et al. (1974) Jackson and Christie (1974).

Particle morphology

Virions rhabdo- or bullet-shaped; enveloped; usually straight; with a clear modal length; of 248 nm; 94 nm wide. Axial canal obvious. Basic helix obvious; pitch of basic helix 4.1 nm.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 1044 S. Density 1.183 g cm^-3 in sucrose.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 1 % nucleic acid; 80 % protein; 15-20 % lipid. Also carbohydrate.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 13.6 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 13.6 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Jackson and Christie (1974). Infectivity lost when deproteinised with proteases; lost when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Poly A region absent. Additional factor required for infectivity; viral proteins required for infectivity. Genome has no tRNA-like activity. Nucleotide sequence references: GenBank Accession Numbers: SYNV (+) strand leader RNA M13950, M2 M23023, N M17210, M1 M35689, G M73626.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• L16768 Em(40)_vi:SYETRAILE Gb(84)_vi:SYETRAILER Sonchus yellow net virus 5´ trailer region sequence. 5/93 160bp.
• L32603 Em(40)_vi:SYENMGL Gb(84)_vi:SYENMGL Sonchus yellow net virus complete nucleotide sequence. 5/94 13,720bp.
• L32604 Em(40)_vi:SYESC4X Gb(84)_vi:SYESC4X Sonchus yellow net virus sc4 mRNA, complete cds. 5/94 1,196bp.
• M13950 Em(40)_vi:SYERNA Gb(84)_vi:SYERNA Sonchus yellow net virus leader RNA. 4/90 205bp.
• M17210 Em(40)_vi:SYENCP Gb(84)_vi:SYENCP Sonchus yellow net virus nucleocapsid protein mRNA, complete cds. 7/89 1,546bp.
• M23023 Gb(84)_vi:SYESYNVM2 Sonchus yellow net virus SYNV M2 protein gene, complete CDS. 6/89 1,137bp.
• M35689 Em(40)_vi:SYESC6 Gb(84)_vi:SYESC6 Sonchus yellow net virus M1 protein gene, complete cds. 12/90 1,071bp.
• M73626 Em(40)_vi:SYESYNVG Gb(84)_vi:SYESYNVG Sonchus yellow net virus SYNV glycoprotein gene, complete CDS. 12/91 2,045bp.
• M87829 Em(40)_vi:SYEORF Gb(84)_vi:SYEORF Sonchus yellow net virus L protein gene mRNA, complete cds. 5/94 6,401bp. 9 sequences.

Features of the genome

Features of the genome: 6 large ORF's; conserved intergenic regions which show homology to other rhabdoviruses.

Non-genomic nucleic acid not found in the virions. Sub-genomic mRNA found in infected cells; all six (for each viral protein) and for the plus-strand leader.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) five; M_r of the largest 241000; L and is core polymerase. M_r of 2nd largest 70000; G and is glycoprotein. M_r of 3rd largest 54000; N, nucleocapsid protein. M_r of 4th largest 38000; M2, matrix protein. M_r of 5th largest 32000; M1, matrix protein. Method of preparation: Jackson (1978). Amino acid sequence: GenBank Accession Numbers: SYNV (+) strand leader RNA M13950, M2 M23023, N M17210, M1 M35689, G M73626. Virion proteins glycosylated. Are G proteins.

And it is NV non-virion protein.

Replication

Genome replicates probably in nuclei. Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves, roots and all parts of the host plant; in the perinuclear space. Inclusions present in infected cells; are unusual in shape; are amorphous in the nucleus; they do not contain virions. Other cellular changes: enlarged nucleus (Christie and Edwardson, 1978).

Taxonomy and relationships

Nucleorhabdovirus: Rhabdoviridae

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Sonchus yellow vein virus.

Best tests for diagnosis

Leaf dips show bacilliform virions.

Comments and References

References

• Christie, S.R. and Edwardson, J.R. (1978). Ann. Rev. Phytopath. 16: 31.
• Christie, S.R., Christie, R.G. and Edwardson, J.R. (1974). Phytopathology 64: 840.
• Falk, B.W., Purcifull, D.E. and Christie, S.R. (1986). Plant Dis. 70: 591.
• Heaton, L.A., Hillman, B.I., Hunter, B.G., Zuidema, D. and Jackson, A.O. (1989). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 86: 8665.
• Jackson, A.O. (1978). Virology 87: 172.
• Jackson, A.O. and Christie, S.R. (1974). Virology 77; 344.
• Jackson, A.O., Francki, R.I.B. and Zuidema, D. (1987). In: The Rhabdoviruses, p. 427; ed. R. Wagner. Plenum Press, New York.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.