Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Rice tungro spherical waikavirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by H. Hibino, 1987. Updated by A.A. Brunt, 1991.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

rice leaf yellowing virus, rice penyakit habeng virus, rice penyakit mentek virus, rice waika virus, rice yellow leaf virus.

Acronym

RTSV

ICTV decimal code

65.0.2.0.004

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Oryza sativa - slight stunting (but when in complex exacerbates the symptoms induced by rice tungro badnavirus).

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; especially Nephotettix virescens; Cicadellidae. Transmitted in a semi-persistent manner. Virus lost by the vector when it moults; does not multiply in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; can help the vector transmission of another virus (rice tungro bacilliform badnavirus); not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed; not transmitted by pollen.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Furuta (1977); Bajet et al. (1986); Hibino et al. (1987); Khan et al. (1991).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the Eastern Asian region; China and Japan.

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Oryza sativa - mild stunting, grain discoloration.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Oryza sativa.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Oryza sativa (W).

Susceptible host species

• Axonopus compressus
• Brachiaria mutica
• Cynodon dactylon
• Cyperus brevifolius
• Cyperus difformis
• Cyperus rotundus
• Digitaria ciliaris
• Echinochloa colona
• Eleusine indica
• Eragrostis tenella
• Fimbristylis miliacea
• Imperata cylindrica
• Leersia hexandra
• Monochoria vaginalis
• Oryza australiensis
• Oryza barthii
• Oryza glaberrima
• Oryza latifolia
• Oryza longistaminata
• Oryza nivara
• Oryza perennis
• Oryza sativa

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Cyperaceae (4/4)
• Gramineae (17/17)
• Pontederiaceae (1/1)

Sources of host-range data

Anjaneyulu et al. (1988).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

Leaf sap contains many virions. Electron microscopy: use PTA or UA.

Purification method

Omura et al. (1983); Cabauatan and Hibino (1988).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 30 nm in diameter; rounded in profile; with a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 175 S (»5). Density 1.551 g cm^-3 in CsCl.

Biochemical properties

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 10.422 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Hibino et al. (1991).

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• S65252 Em(40)_vi:S65252 Gb(84)_vi:S65252 polyprotein rice tungro spherical virus RTSV, Genomic RNA, 2823 nt. 1/94 2,823bp. 1 sequence.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 23000; and it is coat protein. M_r of 2nd largest 24000; coat protein.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves, roots, vascular parenchyma and phloem; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are amorphous X-bodies, viroplasms, and unusual in shape; lattice or tubular structures; they contain virions (in viroplasms), or they do not contain virions (in lattice structures). Other cellular changes: some starch accumulation.

Taxonomy and relationships

Waikavirus: Sequiviridae (the type species)

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Maize chlorotic dwarf virus.

Best tests for diagnosis

Use electron microscopy, ELISA or latex agglutination serology.

Comments and References

General comments

Rice tungro disease is caused by a complex of rice tungro badnavirus and rice tungro spherical waikavirus; the badnavirus depends on the waikavirus for its transmission by leafhoppers, and causes the tungro symptoms, whereas the waikavirus alone causes mild stunting and enhances the tungro symptoms.

References

• Anjaneyulu, A., Daquioag, R.D., Mesina, Ma.E., Hibino, H., Lubigan, R.T. and Moody, K. (1988). Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 13: 30.
• Bajet, N.B., Daquioag, R.D. and Hibino, H. (1985). J. Pl. Prot. Tropics 2: 125.
• Bajet, N.B., Aguiero, V.M., Daquioag, R.D., Jonson, G.B., Cabunagan, R.C., Mesina, E.M. and Hibino, H. (1986). Plant Dis. 70: 971.
• Cabauatan, P.Q. and Hibino, H. (1985). Philipp. Phytopathol. 21: 103.
• Cabauatan, P.Q. and Hibino, H. (1988). Plant Dis. 72: 526.
• Favali, M.A., Pellegrini, S. and Bassi, M. (1975). Virology 66: 502.
• Furata, T. (1977). Rev. Pl. Prot. Res. 10: 70.
• Gálvez, G.E. (1968). Virology 35: 418.
• Gálvez, G.E. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 67, 3 pp.
• Hibino, H. (1983). Plant Dis. 17: 774.
• Hibino, H. (1983). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 49: 545.
• Hibino, H. and Cabauatan, P.Q. (1986). Phytopathology 77: 473.
• Hibino, H. and Cabunagan, R.C. (1986). Tropical Agric. Res. Series 19: 173.
• Hibino, H., Ishikawa, K., Omura, T., Cabauatan, P.Q. and Kaganezawa, H. (1991). Phytopathology 81: 1130.
• Hibino, H., Roechan, S. and Sudarisman, S. (1978). Phytopathology 68: 1412.
• Hibino, H., Saleh, N. and Roechan, M. (1979). Phytopathology 69: 1266. 1346.39
• Hibino, H., Tiongco, E.R., Cabunagan, K.C. and Flores, Z.M. (1987). Phytopathology 77: 871.
• Khan, M.A., Hibino, H., Aguiero, V.M., Daquioag, R.D. and Opina, O.S. (1991). Plant Dis. 75: 926.
• Ling, K.C. (1966). Phytopathology 60: 795.
• Murant, A.F. (1993). Arch. Virol. 131: 441.
• Omura, T., Saito, Y., Usugi, T. and Hibino, H. (1982). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 49: 73.
• Omura, T., Hibino, H. and Usugi, T. (1984). Plant Dis. 68: 374.
• Rivera, C.T. and Ou, S.H. (1965). Pl. Dis. Reptr 49: 127.
• Saito, Y. (1977). Trop. Agric. Res. Series 10: 129.
• Shen, P., Kaniewska, M.B., Smith, C. and Beachy, R.N. (1993). Virology 193: 621.
• Yamashita, S., Doi, Y. and Yora, K. (1977). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 43: 278.
• Zhang, S., Jones, M.C., Barker, P., Davies, J.W. and Hull, R. (1993). Virus Genes 7: 121.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.