Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Red clover mottle comovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by K. Marcinka, 1980. Revised 1983.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

clover red mottle virus.

Acronym

RCMV

ICTV decimal code

18.0.1.0.014

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Trifolium pratense - mosaic, stunting.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Apion africans, A. varipes; Coleoptera. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the Eurasian region.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Gomphrena globosa and Vicia faba - necrotic local lesions.
• Chenopodium amaranticolor and
• C. quinoa - chlorotic local lesions becoming necrotic.
• Glycine max - systemic mosaic, dwarfing.
• Lathyrus odoratus - latent infection.
• Phaseolus vulgaris - necrotic local lesions (14/82 cultivars).
• Pisum sativum - chlorosis, stunting.
• Trifolium pratense - mosaic, dwarfing.
• Vicia sativa - necrotic and chlorotic local lesions, leaf abscission.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Cucumis sativus, all Nicotiana spp., Datura stramonium, Nicandra physalodes, Petunia × hybrida.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata, Trifolium pratense, T. hybridum.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Gomphrena globosa (L), Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), C. quinoa (L), Phaseolus vulgaris (L), Trifolium incarnatum (W).

Susceptible host species

• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Glycine max
• Gomphrena globosa
• Lathyrus odoratus
• Medicago sativa
• Melilotus albus
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Pisum sativum
• Trifolium hybridum
• Trifolium incarnatum
• Trifolium pratense
• Trifolium repens
• Trifolium subterraneum
• Vicia faba
• Vicia sativa
• Vigna unguiculata

Insusceptible host species

• Brassica campestris ssp. rapa
• Cucumis sativus
• Datura stramonium
• Nicandra physalodes
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Trifolium incarnatum

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (2/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (14/14)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Cruciferae (1/1)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (1/14)
• Solanaceae (6/6)

Sources of host-range data

Hampton et al. (1978).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 55-60 °C. LIV: 14 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 4. Infectivity of sap decreased by treatment with di-ethyl ether. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Marcinka (1971) from Pisum sativum.

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 28 nm in diameter; angular in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

Three sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient of the fastest 122 S (B); of the other(s) 96 S (M), or 60 S (T). Isoelectric point pH 5.95 and 6.4.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 36 % nucleic acid (B), or 25 % nucleic acid (M), or 0 % nucleic acid (T); 64 % protein (B), or 75 % protein (M), or 100 % protein (T); 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 9.57 kb. Genome of two parts; largest (or only) genome part 6.03 kb (RNA-1); the 2nd largest 3.54 kb (RNA-2). Base composition 20.3 % G; 29 % A; 20.4 % C; 30.2 % U. 5´ terminus of RNA has a VPg. Infectivity retained when deproteinised with proteases; retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Poly A region present.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• D00657 Em(40)_vi:COMRCM24 Gb(84)_vi:RCM24KP Red clover mottle virus RNA encoding 24K protease. 3/91 771bp.
• M14913 Em(40)_vi:COMRCMMI Gb(84)_vi:RCMMIDCA Red clover mottle virus (RCMV) middle component (M) gene, complete cds. 7/89 3,543bp.
• X64886 Em(40)_vi:RCMVBCRNA Gb(84)_vi:RCMVBCRNA Red Clover Mottle Virus genomic RNA sequence for bottom component RNA. 7/93 6,033bp. 3 sequences.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid not found in the virions.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) three; M_r of the largest 40000. M_r of 2nd largest 22200. M_r of 3rd largest 18300. Method of preparation: Marcinka: heating 100ºC for 5-10 minutes in presence of 1% SDS and 1% 2-mercaptoethanol.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in roots and all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm. Other cellular changes: necrosis of tissues responding hypersensitively to infection.

Taxonomy and relationships

Comovirus: Comoviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Most comoviruses.

Comments and References

References

• Bos, L. and Maat, D.Z. (1965). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 71: 8.
• Hampton, R., Beczner, L., Hagedorn, D., Bos, L., Inouye, T., Barnett, O., Musil, M. and Meiners, J. (1978). Phytopathology 68: 989.
• Marcinka, K. (1971). Acta virol. 15: 316.
• Musil et al. (1969). Biol. Brat. 24: 23.
• Oxelfelt, P. (1976). Virology 74: 73.
• Sinha, R.C. (1960). Ann. appl. Biol. 48: 742.
• Valenta, V. and Marcinka, K. (1968). Act. Virol. 12: 288.
• Valenta, V. and Marcinka, K. (1971). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 74, 3 pp.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.