Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Raspberry bushy dwarf idaeovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by C. Büchen-Osmond and A.F. Murant, 1987.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

loganberry degeneration virus (Barnett and Murant, 1970; Legg, 1960), raspberry yellows virus (Cadman, 1952; Jones et al., 1982), possibly raspberry line-pattern virus (Basak, 1971; Jones and Murant, 1972).

Acronym

RBDV

ICTV decimal code

34.0.1.0.001

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms none.
• Rubus idaeus (raspberry) cvs Lloyd George, Canby, Carnival, Creston, Newburgh and Norfolk Giant - symptomless, but may have high proportion of aborted drupelets.
• R. loganobaccus (loganberry), R. ursinus (boysenberry), R. occidentalis (black raspberry) cvs Munger, New Logan and Plum Farmer - symptoms uncertain. This is desirable because, although the virus causes mild symptoms, it may affect fruit quality, especially in mixed infections.

Transmission

Transmitted by means not involving a vector (none of the insects common on raspberry in Scotland transmitted the virus (Cadman, 1970)). Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by seed (up to 77%; Cadman, 1965; Converse, 1973; Murant et al., 1974); possibly transmitted by pollen to the pollinated plant, or transmitted by pollen to the seed.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Murant et al. (1974) and Converse (1973). The virus may be eliminated from stocks of Rubus idaeus (Murant et al., 1974) and from R. occidentalis (Converse, 1973) by heat therapy. Immune cultivars are not infected via pollen.

Geographical distribution

Probably distributed worldwide (and probably occurs wherever susceptible Rubus cultivars are grown). Spreads in the Eurasian region and the North American region; Australia, New Zealand, and the former USSR.

Experimental host range

Many (>9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium amaranticolor - transient chlorotic local lesions, systemic chlorotic rings and line patterns.
• Chenopodium murale - sunken necrotic rings; not systemic.
• Chenopodium quinoa - transient local lesions, systemic chlorotic spots and then mosaic and ring patterns.
• Phaseolus vulgaris cv. The Prince - small brown local lesions in winter; no systemic infection.
• Nicotiana clevelandii - infected systemically without symptoms.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Chenopodium quinoa.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Phaseolus vulgaris cv. The Prince (L), Chenopodium murale (L).

Susceptible host species

• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Fragaria vesca
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Rubus idaeus
• Rubus loganobaccus
• Rubus occidentalis
• Rubus ursinus

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (3/3)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (1/1)
• Rosaceae (5/5)
• Solanaceae (1/1)

Sources of host-range data

Barnett and Murant, 1970; 1971.

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 65 °C. LIV: 4 days (at 20ºC). DEP: log₁₀ minus 4 (an isolate from Rubus occidentalis had a dilution end-point of only 10^-2 in Chenopodium quinoa sap and lost infectivity after 2-3 hours at room temperature; Jones and Murant, 1972a; Murant and Jones, 1976). Electron microscopy: virions disrupt in PTA but not in UA or UF (Barnett and Murant, 1970).

Purification method

Murant (1976).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 33 nm in diameter; angular in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations, or three sedimenting components in purified preparations (in a rather broad zone); sedimentation coefficient 115 S. Density 1.37 g cm^-3 in CsCl (fixed in formaldehyde).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 24 % nucleic acid; 76 % protein.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 8.6 kb. Genome of three parts; largest (or only) genome part the largest 5.4 kb; the 2nd largest 2.2 kb; the 3rd largest 1 kb. Poly A region absent.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• D01052 Em(40)_vi:RUDMRCP Gb(84)_vi:RUDMRCP Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) mRNA for coat protein. 11/92 946bp.
• S51557 Em(40)_un:S51557 Gb(84)_vi:S51557 RNA-1 segment: non-structural polyprotein raspberry bushy dwarf virus RBDV, R15, Genomic RNA 2 sequences.

Features of the genome

Features of the genome: RNA-1 has one ORF, that encodes a protein of M_r 188000, and is probably a polymerase. RNA-2 has 2 ORFs, one encodes a protein of M_r 39000, that is probably a movement protein, the other the coat protein.

Non-genomic nucleic acid found in the virions; is subgenomic mRNA (RNA-3).

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one (probably); M_r 29000; coat protein. Method of preparation: Murant (1975).

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Taxonomy and relationships

Idaeovirus (the type, and only, species of the genus)

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Twenty-four isometric viruses, including seven ilarviruses (Barnett and Murant, 1970).

Additional comments on relationships

Earlier reports (Cadman, 1963; 1970) that raspberry bushy dwarf virus is related to apple chlorotic leaf spot trichovirus have not been confirmed (Murant, 1976).

Best tests for diagnosis

Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) is one of several viruses isolated from Lloyd George raspberry with `bushy dwarf' (Cadman and Harris, 1951) or `symptomless decline' (Cadman, 1952). Plants infected with RBDV alone produce few, stunted canes and are late fruiting (Barnett and Murant, 1970), but so do plants infected with mixtures of RBDV and aphid-borne black raspberry necrosis virus (Jones, 1976). RBDV is readily distinguished from most nepoviruses from Rubus, except strawberry latent ringspot virus, by the symptoms it induces in Chenopodium quinoa; and their virions differ. The symptoms caused in C. quinoa also distinguish it from black raspberry necrosis virus (Jones and Murant, 1972b); which is transmitted by sap inoculation with difficulty, has isometric virions, but occurs in very small concentrations in sap. The black raspberry latent strain of tobacco streak virus (Lister and Converse, 1972) has virions like those of RBDV and is transmitted by pollen but causes severe systemic necrosis in C. quinoa and Phaseolus vulgaris.

Comments and References

References

• Barnett, O.W. and Murant, A.F. (1970). Ann. appl. Biol. 65: 435.
• Basak, W. (1971). Bull. Acad. Polmarse Sci., Serie sci. biol. C.I.V. 19: 681.
• Cadman, C.H. (1952). Ann. appl. Biol. 39: 495.
• Cadman, C.H. (1961). Hort. Res. 1: 47.
• Cadman, C.H. (1963). Pl. Dis. Reptr 47: 459.
• Cadman, C.H. (1965). Pl. Dis. Reptr 49: 230.
• Cadman, C.H. (1970). In: Virus Diseases of Small Fruit and Grapevines, p. 149. University of California Press, Berkeley.
• Cadman, C.H. and Harris, R.V. (1951). Rep. E. Malling Res. Stn. 1950, p.127.
• Converse, R.H. (1973). Phytopathology 63: 780.
• Jones, A.T. (1976). Rep. Scottish Hort. Res. Inst. 1975, p. 73.
• Jones, A.T. and Murant, A.F. (1972a). Rep. Scottish Hort. Res. Inst. 1971, p. 60.
• Jones, A.T. and Murant, A.F. (1972b). Pl. Path. 21: 166.
• Jones, A.T., Murant, A.F., Jennings, D.L. and Wood, G.A. (1982). Ann. appl. Biol. 100: 135.
• Legg, J.T. (1960). Rep. E. Malling Res. Stn. 1959, 102.
• Lister, R.M. and Converse, R.H. (1972). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No.166, 4 pp.
• Mayo, M.A., Jolly, C.A., Muran, A.F. and Raschke, J.H. (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 469.
• Murant, A.F. (1976). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 165, 4 pp.
• Murant, A.F. (1987). In: Virus Diseases of Small Fruits, U.S. Dep. Agric Hdbk No. 631, p. 229.
• Murant, A.F., Chambers, J. and Jones, A.T. (1974). Ann. appl. Biol. 77: 271.
• Murant, A.F. and Jones, A.T. (1976). Acta Hort. 66: 47.
• Murant, A.F., Mayo, M.A. and Raschke, J.H. (1986). Acta Hort. 186: 23.
• Natsuaki, T., Mayo, M.A., Jolly, C.A. and Murant, A.F. (1991). J. gen. Virol. 72: 2183.
• Ziegler, A., Natsuaki, T., Mayo, M.A., Jolly, C.A. and Murant, A.F. (1992). J. gen. Virol. 73: 3213.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.