Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Radish mosaic comovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by R.N. Campbell, 1988.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

radish enation mosaic virus.

Acronym

RaMV

Strains

type (North American), European (HZ), Japanese.

ICTV decimal code

18.0.1.0.013

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Brassica campestris - line and ring patterns, mosaic, necrosis of veins and petioles, rosetting of leaves.
• B. campestris ssp. napus - mild mosaic, and leaf deformation.
• B. oleracea - variable; from symptomless to severe systemic chlorosis and necrosis.
• Raphanus sativus - mosaic, occasionally enations.
• Eruca sativa - severe crinkle, chlorosis, stunting, some necrosis.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Phyllotreta spp., Epitrix hirtipennis and Diabrotica undecimpunctata; Coleoptera. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by seed.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Mamula and Juretic (1985); Koenig and Fischer (1981).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Austria, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Morocco, the USA, the former USSR, and the former Yugoslavia.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Brassica campestris (tendergreen mustard) - necrotic local lesions; systemic mottling.
• B. campestris (turnip) - chlorotic or necrotic local lesions; systemic mosaic or line patterns.
• Chenopodium amaranticolor and other Chenopodium spp. - local lesions; not systemic.
• Nicotiana tabacum cv. Turkish - necrotic rings; not systemic.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Nicotiana glutinosa, N. tabacum cv. Havana 425.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Brassica campestris.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Brassica campestris (W), Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), C. quinoa (L), C. murale (L), Raphanus sativus (W).

Susceptible host species

• Beta vulgaris
• Brassica campestris
• Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis
• Brassica campestris ssp. napus
• Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis
• Brassica campestris ssp. rapa
• Brassica juncea
• Brassica oleracea
• Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
• Brassica oleracea var. capitata
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium foetidum
• Chenopodium foliosum
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita maxima
• Datura stramonium
• Eruca sativa
• Gomphrena globosa
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana megalosiphon
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Raphanus sativus
• Sinapis alba
• Spinacia oleracea

Insusceptible host species

• Beta vulgaris
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita pepo
• Datura stramonium
• Lactuca sativa
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Vicia faba
• Vigna radiata
• Vigna unguiculata

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (8/8)
• Cruciferae (12/12)
• Cucurbitaceae (2/3)
• Solanaceae (4/6)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (1/8)
• Compositae (1/1)
• Cucurbitaceae (2/3)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (4/4)
• Solanaceae (4/6)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)

Sources of host-range data

Campbell (1964); Stefanac and Mamula (1972).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 65-70 °C. LIV: 14-21 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 4. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Stefanac and Mamula (1972).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; about 30 nm in diameter (28 nm side-to-side, 33 nm corner-to-corner; Milne et al., 1980); angular in profile; with a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

Three sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient of the fastest 128 S (B); of the other(s) 103 S (M), or 57 S (T). Isoelectric point pH 4.3 (fast), or 5.3 (slow). A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 1.65 (M), or 1.78 (B).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 35 % nucleic acid (B), or 26 % nucleic acid (M), or 0 % nucleic acid (T); 65 % protein (B), or 74 % protein (M), or 100 % protein (T); 0 % lipid (all components).

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded. Total genome size 9.8 kb. Genome of two parts; largest (or only) genome part the larger 6.2 kb; the 2nd largest 3.6 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Fukunaga and Furusawa (1981). Base composition 22 % G (M), or 25 % G (B); 29 % A (M), or 30 % A (B); 19 % C (M), or 18 % C (B); 30 % U (M), or 27 % U (B).

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) two (plus one or more hydrolysis products, in some isolates); M_r of the larger 40000. M_r of 2nd largest 22000-24000. Method of preparation: Koenig and Fischer (1981).

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm and in cell vacuoles; in membrane bound layers considered to be tonoplastic channels (Honda and Matsui, 1972). Inclusions present in infected cells; are unusual in shape; vesiculated inclusion bodies (Milne et al., 1980; Stefanac and Ljubesic, 1971); they contain virions. Other cellular changes: enations on chronically infected radish (Chinese white winter types).

Taxonomy and relationships

Comovirus: Comoviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Cowpea severe mosaic, bean pod mottle, squash mosaic and broad bean stain viruses.

Differences between type strain and others

Radish mosaic virus has 2 serological subgroups: i). isolates from California and Japan; ii). European isolates including the HZ (Yugoslavian strain).

Best tests for diagnosis

Serological testing by gel diffusion is most reliable.

Comments and References

General comments

An aphid-borne virus designated radish mosaic virus in India (Naqvi et al., 1986; Ahlawat and Chenulu, 1982) differs from radish mosaic comovirus.

References

• Ahlawat, Y.S. and Chenulu, V.V. (1982). Indian Phytopath. 35: 633.
• Campbell, R.N. (1964). Phytopathology 54: 1418.
• Campbell, R.N. (1973). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 121, 4 pp.
• Fukunaga, K. and Furusawa, I. (1981). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 47: 534.
• Honda, Y. and Matsui, C. (1972). Phytopathology 62: 448.
• Koenig, R. and Fischer, H.U. (1981). Plant Dis. 65: 758.
• Mamula, D. and Juretic, N. (1985). Phyton (Houn, Austria) 25: 241.
• Milne, R.G., Masenga, V., Lenzi, R. and Lovisolo, O. (1980). Phytopathol. Medit. 19: 145.
• Naqvi, Q.A., Khan, J.A. and Mahmood, K. (1986). J. Indian Bot. Soc. 65: 136.
• Severin, H.H.P. and Tompkins, C.M. (1950). Hilgardia 20: 191.
• Stefanac, Z. and Mamula, D. (1972). Ann appl. Biol. 69: 229.
• Stefanac, Z. and Ljubesic, N. (1971). J. gen. Virol. 13: 51.
• Tompkins, C.M. (1939). J. Agric. Res. 58: 119.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.