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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Potato Y potyvirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by C. Büchen-Osmond, 1987.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

brinjal mosaic virus (Sastry, 1982; Varma, 1988), datura 437 virus, potato acropetal necrosis virus, potato severe mosaic virus, tobacco vein-banding virus (Fang et al., 1985).

Acronym

PVY

Strains

potato C virus, tobacco veinal necrosis virus potato virus Y^o group (common strain), potato virus Y^N group (tobacco veinal necrosis strain), potato virus Y^C group (stipple streak strain, including potato virus C).

ICTV decimal code

57.0.1.0.058

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Solanum tuberosum - mild to severe leaf mottling, or streak or `leaf-drop streak' with vein necrosis (`stipple-streak') (Beemster and Rozendaal, 1972).
• Capsicum spp. - mild leaf mottling, but severe in complex with other viruses.
• Nicotiana spp. - mild mottle or veinal necrosis.
• Lycopersicon esculentum - mild leaf mottling but severe in mixed infections (Edwardson, 1974a).
  The differences between the primary and secondary symptoms induced by potato virus Y are often uncertain because of the diversity of potato cultivars and virus strains, and effect of climatic conditions (de Bokx and Pirone, 1977).

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Myzus persicae is the most efficient vector; others are Aphis fabae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Myzus (Nectarosiphon) certus, Myzus (Phorodon) humuli and Rhopalosiphum insertum (Kennedy et al., 1962; Van Hoof, 1980); Aphididae. Transmitted in a non-persistent manner. Virus does not require a helper virus for vector transmission and can help the vector transmission of another virus (potato aucuba mosaic potexvirus); transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Bartels (1970), in certification schemes. In temperate areas, perennials rarely act as virus reservoirs in nature. Potato plants as "ground-keepers" are a reservoir host (Thresh, 1980). In tropical and subtropical areas, weeds such as Solanum atropurpureum (Chagas et al., 1977) and other Solanum spp. (Edwardson, 1974a) may act as important virus sources.

Use of insecticides to control virus spread through vectors have been ineffective. The main control methods are (1) avoidance of infection, i.e. growing crops when vectors are absent or numbers are low; (2) not growing crops near established crops of the same species; (3) destroying haulms of seed-potato crops before maturity to restrict virus spread at the end of the growing season; (4) spraying with mineral oils to reduce frequency of transmission (Bradley, Moore and Pond, 1966; Vanderveken, 1977); (5) breeding for resistance, if sources of durable resistance can be obtained; (6) use of reflective surface and sticky yellow sheets which can reduce virus spread (Loebenstein and Raccah, 1980).

Geographical distribution

Probably distributed worldwide (in potato growing areas and in outdoor crops of pepper, tobacco and tomato in warmer countries.

Y^o strains are spread worldwide; Y^N strains occur in Europe including the U.S.S.R., parts of Africa and South America; Y^C strains including potato virus C, are probably present in Australia, India and in some parts of the U.K. and continental Europe).

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Nicotiana glutinosa - mild to severe systemic mottling.
• N. tabacum - systemic vein-clearing and leaf mottling.
• Solanum tuberosum - Y^C strain local lesions in cv. Duke of York (Eersteling); Y^N and Y^o strains no local lesions.
• Tinantia erecta - severe systemic mottling.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Datura stramonium, Solanum demissum `A'.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun NN.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium amaranticolor (L); C. quinoa (L); Physalis floridana (L); Solanum tuberosum cvs Duke of York, Saco (L); Lycium spp. (L); Solanum chacoense (TE₁) (L), S. demissum `Y' (L); S. demissum × S. tuberosum `A6' (L).

Susceptible host species

• Capsicum annuum
• Capsicum frutescens
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Lycium
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Physalis floridana
• Solanum chacoense
• Solanum demissum
• Solanum demissum × S. tuberosum
• Solanum tuberosum
• Tinantia erecta

Insusceptible host species

• Datura stramonium
• Solanum demissum

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (2/2)
• Commelinaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (11/12)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Solanaceae (2/12)

Sources of host-range data

Edwardson (1974b); Horváth (1979).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 50-62 °C. LIV: 7-50 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 2-6. Infectivity of sap not changed by treatment with di-ethyl ether. Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Damirdagh and Shepherd (1970); Huttinga (1973); McDonald et al. (1976); Moghal and Francki (1976); Leiser and Richter (1978).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually flexuous; with a clear modal length; of 684 nm (from purified preparations (Delgado-Sanchez and Grogan, 1966)), or 730 nm; 11 nm wide. Axial canal obscure; 2-3 nm in diameter. Basic helix obscure; pitch of basic helix 3.3 nm (Varma et al., 1968).

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 145 S (Huttinga, 1975). Density 1.323 g cm^-3 in CsCl (strain Y^o), or 1.326 g cm^-3 in CsCl (strain Y^N (Huttinga, 1975)). A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 2.3 (corrected for light-scattering (Leiser and Richter, 1978)), or 2.9 (uncorrected (Stace-Smith and Tremaine, 1970; Leiser and Richter, 1978)).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 5.4-6.4 % nucleic acid (Stace-Smith and Tremaine, 1970; Leiser and Richter, 1978); 93.6-94.6 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 10.4 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 10.4 kb (Makkouk and Gumpf, 1974; Hinostroza-Orihuela, 1975). 5´ terminus of RNA has a VPg. Infectivity retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent. Poly A region present; at 3´ end, but not essential for infectivity.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• A08776 Em(40)_vi:A08776 Gb(84)_pat:A08776 Potato virus Y complete genome RNA. 11/93 9,705bp.
• D00441 Em(40)_vi:PVY Gb(84)_vi:PVYAAA Potato virus Y (N strain) genomic RNA, complete. 1/94 9,704bp
• D00488 Em(40)_vi:PVY5E1 Gb(84)_vi:PVYE1 Potato virus Y (PVY) genome, 5´ end. 3/91 173bp.
• D00489 Em(40)_vi:PVY3E2 Gb(84)_vi:PVYE2 Potato virus Y (PVY) genome, 3´ end. 3/91 276bp.
• D12539 Em(40)_vi:PVYOCRNA Gb(84)_vi:PVYOCRNA Potato virus Y genome, 3´ half sequence. 9/92 4,998bp.
• D12570 Em(40)_vi:PVYCP Gb(84)_vi:PVYCP Potato virus Y (PVY-T) coat protein gene. 10/92 1,268bp
• M22470 Em(40)_vi:PVYCPA Gb(84)_vi:PVYCPA Potato virus Y coat protein gene, 3´ end. 7/90 1,122bp.
• M37180 Em(40)_vi:PVYHEL01 Gb(84)_vi:PVYHELCOA Potato virus Y helper component mRNA, 5´ end. 9/90 2,753bp.
• M38377 Em(40)_vi:PVYHELCO Gb(84)_vi:PVYHELCO Potato virus Y helper component mRNA, 5´ end. 9/90 2,748bp.
• M81435 Em(40)_vi:PVYPOLYPR Gb(84)_vi:PVYPOLYPR Potato virus Y polyprotein mRNA, 3´ end. 12/91 1,227bp.
• M95491 Em(40)_vi:PVYPOLYP Gb(84)_vi:PVYPOLYP Potato virus Y polyprotein gene, complete cds. 5/93 9,703bp
• S51663 Em(40)_un:S51663 Gb(84)_vi:S51663 cytoplasmic inclusion protein potato virus Y PVY, ordinary strain PVY-O, Genomic RNA, 1902 n
• S51664 Em(40)_un:S51664 Gb(84)_vi:S51664 cytoplasmic inclusion protein potato virus Y PVY, necrotic strain PVY-T13, Genomic RNA, 1902
• S63507 Em(40)_vi:S63507 Gb(84)_vi:S63507 polyprotein precursor (5´region) potato virus Y PVY, mRNA Partial, 360 nt. 12/93 360bp.
• S70722 Gb(84)n:S70722 NIb=nuclear inclusion b potato virus Y PVY, O, Genomic RNA, 1560 nt. 9/94 1,560bp.
• U06789 Em(40)_vi:PV06789 Gb(84)_vi:PVU06789 Potato virus Y-VN genome, 3´ untranslated region. 3/94 2,541bp.
• U09508 Em(40)_vi:PV09508 Gb(84)_vi:PVU09508 Potato virus Y necrotic strain polyprotein (NIa, NIb, capsid protein) gene, partial cds. 5/94
• U10378 Gb(84)_vi:PVU10378 Potato virus Y capsid protein mRNA, partial cds. 6/94 1,231bp.
• X12456 Em(40)_vi:PVYNXX Gb(84)_vi:PVYNXX Potatovirus Y strain N genomic RNA. 1/94 9,704bp.
• X14136 Em(40)_vi:PVYCOAT Gb(84)_vi:PVYCOAT Potato virus Y (PVY) mRNA for viral coat protein. 9/93 1,182bp
• X54058 Em(40)_vi:POCP3 Gb(84)_vi:POCP3 Potato virus Y gene for coat protein, 3´ end. 1/91 985bp.
• X54611 Em(40)_vi:PVYCOATP Gb(84)_vi:PVYCOATP Potato virus Y RNA for coat protein. 1/92 801bp.
• X54636 Em(40)_vi:PVYCAPSI Gb(84)_vi:PVYCAPSI Potato virus RNA for capsid protein and virus-specific polymerase (putative nuclear inclusion
• X68221 Em(40)_vi:PVYCAPA Gb(84)_vi:PVYCAPA Potato Virus Y (Chilean) genomic RNA of Capsid protein cistron. 9/93 804bp.
• X68222 Em(40)_vi:PVYCAPB Gb(84)_vi:PVYCAPB Potato Virus Y (Potato US) genomic RNA of Capsid protein cistron. 9/93 804bp.
• X68223 Em(40)_vi:PVYCAPC Gb(84)_vi:PVYCAPC Potato Virus Y (Europe- H) genomic RNA of Capsid protein cistron. 9/93 804bp.
• X68224 Em(40)_vi:PVYCAPD Gb(84)_vi:PVYCAPD Potato Virus Y (NsNr) genomic RNA of Capsid protein cistron. 9/93 804bp.
• X68225 Em(40)_vi:PVYCAPE Gb(84)_vi:PVYCAPE Potato Virus Y (MsNr) genomic RNA of Capsid protein cistron. 9/93 804bp.
• X68226 Em(40)_vi:PVYCAPF Gb(84)_vi:PVYCAPF Potato Virus Y (O) genomic RNA of Capsid protein cistron. 9/93 804bp.
• Z29526 Em(40)_vi:PVYCI6K2 Gb(84)_vi:PVYCI6K2 Potato virus Y (strain O) CI, 6K2, VPg, NIa-Pro, NIa gene. 1/94 1,784bp.
• D17386 Em(43)_vi:Pvyia Gb(89)_vi:Pvyia Potato virus Y immunoglobulin gene for monoclonal antibody and L chain. 3/95 927bp.
• D17387 Em(43)_vi:Pvyib Gb(89)_vi:Pvyib Potato virus Y immunoglobulin gene for monoclonal antibody and H chain. 3/95 1,488bp.
• S74810 Gb(89)_un:S74810 CP=coat protein (potato virus Y, PVY-36, Genomic RNA, 804 nt). 5/95 804bp.
• S74813 Gb(89)_un:S74813 CP=coat protein (potato virus Y, PVY-T13, Genomic RNA, 804 nt). 5/95 804bp.
• U09509 Em(43)_vi:Pv09509 Gb(89)_vi:Pvu09509 Potato virus Y common strain polyprotein (NIb and capsid protein) gene, partial cds. 12/94 2,
• U25672 Gb(89)n:Pvu25672 Potato virus Y coat protein gene, complete cds. 6/95 821bp.
• X79305 Em(43)_vi:Pvygcp Gb(89)_vi:Pvygcp Potato Virus Y genomic sequence for coat protein. 1/95 801bp.
• X82848 Em(43)_vi:Pvyp1 Gb(89)_vi:Pvyp1 Potato virus Y P1 gene. 5/95 828bp
• Z50041 Em(44)n:Pvydna1 Gb(90)_vi:Pvydna1 Potato virus Y DNA for helper component gene (isolate PVY-1). 7/95 1,443bp.
• Z50042 Em(44)n:Pvydna0 Gb(90)_vi:Pvydna0 Potato virus Y DNA for helper component gene (isolate PVY-0). 7/95 1,443bp.
• Z50043 Em(44)n:Pvydnaona Gb(90)_vi:Pvydnaona Potato virus Y DNA for helper component gene (isolate PVY-ONAT). 7/95 1,443bp.

Features of the genome

Non-genomic nucleic acid not found in the virions.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 34000; coat protein. Method of preparation: Hiebert and McDonald (1973); Huttinga and Mosch (1974); Moghal and Francki (1976). Amino acid composition: Stace-Smith and Tremaine (1970); Miki and Oshima (1972); Makkouk and Gumpf (1975); Moghal and Francki (1976).

Virus-coded non-virion proteins isolated (Hiebert and McDonald (1973)); one protein found. M_r 67000; cylindrical inclusion protein (Purcifull et al., 1973).

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in epidermis; in cytoplasm and in cell vacuoles. Inclusions present in infected cells; are crystals in the nucleus (when infected by certain strains (Kitajima et al., 1968)), or pinwheels (especially in epidermal tissue in the cytoplasm (Christie and Edwardson, 1977)). Other cellular changes: mitochondria often being surrounded by filaments with a diameter of 9-10 nm but of indeterminate length (Borges and David Ferreira, 1968) when infected with strain Y^N in Datura metel.

Taxonomy and relationships

Potyvirus: Potyviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Tobacco etch, henbane mosaic, potato A, pepper veinal mottle and bidens mottle viruses, but distantly (Bartels, 1964; Brunt et al., 1978; Purcifull, 1976).

Best tests for diagnosis

Tinantia erecta is immune to potato aucuba mosaic, potato M and S viruses and hence may be used to separate potato Y virus from these viruses (Horváth, 1979). most strains of potato virus Y induce no local lesions in Solanum demissum `A', which gives necrotic local lesions with potato virus A (Cockerham, 1958). Potato cultivars resistant to potato X virus (e.g. cv. Saco), can be used to separate potato Y virus from potato X virus. Detached leaves of Solanum demissum × S. tuberosum `A6' are commonly used to detect potato Y virus, but this host does not distinguish between several viruses which infect it (Bartels, 1970).

Comments and References

References

• Bartels, R. (1964). Phytopath. Z. 49: 257.
• Bartels, R. (1970). Potato Res. 13: 119.
• Beemster, A.B.R. and Rozendaal, A. (1972). In: Viruses of Potatoes and Seed-Potato Production, p. 115; ed. J.A. de Bokx, Wageningen, PUDOC.
• Borges, M. and David-Ferreira, J.F. (1968). Revta Biol., Lisbon 6: 421.
• Bradley, R.H.E., Moore, C.A. and Pond, D.D. (1966). Nature, Lond. 209: 1370.
• Brunt, A.A., Kenten, R.H. and Phillips, S. (1978). Ann. appl. Biol. 88: 115.
• Chagas, C.M., Vincente, M., Alba, A.P.C. and July, J.R. (1977). Phytopath. Z. 90: 147.
• Cockerham, G. (1958). Proc. 3rd Conf. Potato Virus Diseases, Lisse-Wageningen, p. 199.
• Christie, R.G. and Edwardson, J.R. (1977). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 9, 150 pp.
• Damirdagh, I.S. and Shepherd, R.J. (1970). Phytopathology 60: 132.
• de Bokx, J.A. (1981). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 242, 6 pp.
• de Bokx, J.A. and Pirone, P.G.M. (1978). Abstr. 7th Trienn. Conf. Eur. Ass. Potato Res., p. 244.
• Delgado-Sanchez, S. and Grogan, R.G. (1966). Phytopathology 56: 1397.
• Delgado-Sanchez, S. and Grogan, R.G. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 37, 4 pp.
• Edwardson, J.R. (1974a). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 4, 398 pp.
• Edwardson, J.R. (1974b). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 5, p. 95.
• Fang, H.S., Nell, H.H. and Chou, T.G. (1985). Bull. Tobacco Res. Inst. Taiwan Tobacco and Wine Monopoly Bureau.
• Govier, D.A. and Kassanis, B. (1974). Virology 61: 420.
• Gugerli, P. and Gehringer, W. (1980). Potato Res. 23: 353.
• Hiebert, E. and McDonald, J.G. (1973). Virology 56: 349.
• Hinostroza-Orihuela, A.M. (1975). Virology 67: 276.
• Horváth, J. (1979). Acta phytopath. Acad. Sci. hung. 14: 157.
• Huttinga, H. (1973). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 79: 125.
• Huttinga, H. (1975). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 81: 58.
• Huttinga, H. and Mosch, W.H.M. (1975). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 80: 19.
• Kennedy, J.S., Day, M.F. and Eastop, V.F. (1962). A Conspectus of Aphids as Vectors of Plant Viruses, 114 pp. Comm. Inst. Ent., London.
• Kitajima, E.W., Camargo, I.J.B. and Costa, A.S. (1968). J. Electr. Microsc. 17: 144.
• Leiser, R.M. and Richter, J. (1979). Arch. Phytopath. PflSchutz. 14: 337.
• Loebenstein, G. and Raccah, B. (1980). Phytoparasitica 8: 221.
• Makkouk, K.M. and Gumpf, D.J. (1974). Phytopathology 64: 1115.
• Makkouk, K.M. and Gumpf, D.J. (1975). Virology 63: 336.
• McDonald, J.G., Beveridge, T.J. and Bancroft, J.B. (1976). Virology 69: 327.
• Moghal, S.M. and Francki, R.I.B. (1976). Virology 73: 350.
• Purcifull, D.E. (1976). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 161, 4 pp.
• Purcifull, D.E. and Batchelor, D.L. (1977). Bull. Fla agric. Exp. Stn 788: 39 pp.
• Purcifull, D.E. and Gooding, G.V. (1970). Phytopathology 60: 1036.
• Purcifull, D.E., Hiebert, E. and McDonald, J.G. (1973). Virology 55: 275.
• Rubio-Huertos, M. (1972). In: Principles and Techniques in Plant Virology, 300 pp; ed. C.J. Kado and H.O. Agrawal. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.
• Sastry, K.S. (1982). Curr. Sci. 51: 568.
• Smith, K.M. (1931). Proc. R. Soc. B 109: 251.
• Stace-Smith, R. and Tremaine, J.H. (1970). Phytopathology 60: 1785.
• Thresh, J.M. (1980). Appl. Biol. 5: 1.
• Vanderveken, J. (1977). In: Aphids as Virus Vectors, 559 pp; ed. K.F. Harris and K. Maramorosch. Academic Press, New York.
• Van Hoof, H.A. (1980). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 86: 159.
• Varma, A. (1988). In: The Plant Viruses Vol. 4, The Filamentous Plant Viruses, p. 371; ed. R.G. Milne. Plenum Press, New York.
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Illustrations

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.