Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Potato mop-top furovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by J.I. Cooper, 1987.

Nomenclature

Acronym

PMTV

ICTV decimal code

27.0.1.0.004

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms vary seasonally.
• Solanum tuberosum - dwarfing (mopping); chlorotic and necrotic chevrons and blotching, tuber cracking and necrotic conchoidal layers in tubers especially in cool weather (15ºC).
• Chenopodiaceae, Solanaceae - weeds species are susceptible and commonly infected in the Andean region of South America, but not elsewhere.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; a fungus; potato powdery scab fungus Spongospora subterranea. Virus is retained in spore balls, but virus-free Spongospora has not been experimentally infected; Jones, 1988; Plasmodiophorales. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Cooper et al. (1973); Cooper et al. (1976); Harrison et al. (1970); Jones (1981); Jones et al. (1972). Virus does not spread to all tubers of infected plants, thus the virus is maintained by the vector.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the Eurasian region and the South and Central American region (in the Andean region); Israel, Japan, and the UK. Found, but with no evidence of spread, in Chile and Taiwan.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Nicotiana debneyi - systemic necrotic oak leaf patterns.
• Chenopodium amaranticolor - concentric brown local lesions.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Lycium barbarum, Chenopodium capitatum, Solanum dulcamara.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana debneyi, Nicotiana clevelandii.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), Nicotiana debneyi (W), N. benthamiana (W).

Susceptible host species

• Atriplex hortensis
• Beta vulgaris
• Capsicum annuum
• Chenopodiaceae
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium foliosum
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Datura ferox
• Datura stramonium
• Hyoscyamus niger
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Nicandra physalodes
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Physalis floridana
• Physalis peruviana
• Solanaceae
• Solanum nigrum
• Solanum tuberosum
• Tetragonia tetragonioides

Insusceptible host species

• Amaranthus caudatus
• Antirrhinum majus
• Celosia argentea
• Celosia cristata
• Chenopodium capitatum
• Dianthus caryophyllus
• Gomphrena globosa
• Gypsophila elegans
• Lobelia erinus
• Lycium barbarum
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Primula malacoides
• Solanum dulcamara
• Torenia fournieri
• Verbesina encelioides
• Vigna unguiculata
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (6/7)
• Solanaceae (17/19)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (4/4)
• Campanulaceae (1/1)
• Caryophyllaceae (2/2)
• Chenopodiaceae (1/7)
• Compositae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (3/3)
• Primulaceae (1/1)
• Scrophulariaceae (2/2)
• Solanaceae (2 /19)

Sources of host-range data

Jones et al. (1972); Harrison et al. (1970).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 75-80 °C. LIV: up to 200 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 3. Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Kassanis et al. (1972); Koenig et al. (1984).

Particle morphology

Virions rod-shaped; not enveloped; usually straight; with no clear modal length; of 100-150 nm, or 250-300 nm; 18-20 nm wide. Axial canal obvious. Basic helix obvious (at the ends).

Physical properties

Possibly three sedimenting components in purified preparations (broadbands); sedimentation coefficient 236 S (longest most specific infectivity); of the other(s) 126 S, or 171 S.

Biochemical properties

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• D16193 Em(44)n:Pxm67kp Gb(90)n:Pxm67kp Potato mop-top virus RNA 3 for coat protein and 67K readthrough protein, complete cds. 8/95 2.
• D30753 Em(43)_vi:Pxmtodd Gb(89)_vi:Pxmtodd Potato mop-top virus triple gene for 51K protein, 13K protein, 21K protein and 8K protein. 1.
• S75140 Em(44)n:S75140 Gb(90)_un:S75140 20 kda coat protein (RNA3) (potato mop-top furovirus PMTV, isolate T, Genomic RNA, 2315 nt).

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 18500-20000.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are viroplasms and unusual in shape; and small loose sheafs; they contain virions. Other cellular changes: necrosis in arcs or lines in potato tubers.

Taxonomy and relationships

Furovirus

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Soil borne wheat mosaic virus, and also tobacco mosaic virus, but very distantly.

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Peanut clump, sugarbeet necrotic yellow vein, hypochoeris mosaic and oat golden stripe viruses.

Additional comments on relationships

There is no homology (using cDNA or RNA hybridization) between potato mop top and peanut clump, soil borne wheat mosaic and beet necrotic yellow vein viruses.

Best tests for diagnosis

Virion shape and size. Symptoms in Chenopodium amaranticolor, inoculated leaves.

Comments and References

References

• Calvert, E.L. and Harrison, B.D. (1966). Pl. Path. 15: 134.
• Cooper, J.I. and Harrison, B.D. (1973). Pl. Path. 22: 73.
• Cooper, J.I., Jones, R.A.C. and Harrison, B.D. (1976). Ann. appl. Biol. 83: 215.
• Harrison, B.D. and Jones, R.A.C. (1970). Ann. appl. Biol. 65: 395.
• Harrison, B.D. and Jones, R.A.C. (1970). Ann. appl. Biol. 67: 377.
• Jones, R.A.C. (1981). In: Pests, Pathogens and Vegetation p. 89; ed. J.M. Thresh. Pitman, London.
• Jones, R.A.C. (1988). In: Viruses with Fungal Vectors p. 255; eds J.I. Cooper and M. Asher. Association of Applied Biologists, Wellesbourne, U.K.
• Jones, R.A.C. and Harrison, B.D. (1972). Ann. appl. Biol. 71: 47.
• Kassanis, B., Woods, R.D. and White, R.F. (1972). J. gen. Virol. 14: 123.
• Koenig, R., Lesemann, D.E. and Burgermeister, W. (1984). Phytopath. Z. 111: 244.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.