Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Potato M carlavirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by J.A. de Bokx, 1987.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

Kartoffel-K-Virus, Kartoffel-Rollmosaik-Virus, potato paracrinkle virus (Bagnall et al., 1959; Kassanis, 1961; 1963; Salaman and Le Pelly, 1930), potato virus E.

Acronym

PVM

Strains

potato leafrolling mosaic virus, potato American interveinal mosaic virus (Schultz and Folsom, 1923; Bagnall et al., 1956); Dutch isolates (Rozendaal and van Slogteren, 1958); D1102 and Fortuna isolates (Köhler, 1953; Wetter and Brandes, 1956).

ICTV decimal code

14.0.1.0.025

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Solanum tuberosum - symptoms range from very slight (e.g. in cv. King Edward) to severe (e.g. in cv. Arran Victory). Causes mottles, mosaic, crinkling and abaxial rolling of leaves, and stunting of shoots.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Myzus persicae (Wetter and Völk, 1960) but less efficiently by Aphis frangulae, A. nasturtii and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Bode and Weidemann, 1970); some isolates not aphid-transmitted (Kassanis, 1961); Aphididae. Transmitted in a non-persistent manner. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by seed; not transmitted by pollen.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Kassanis (1957). King Edward potato has been freed from potato M, S and other viruses by apical meristem culture.

Geographical distribution

Probably distributed worldwide (in potato cultivars).

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Datura metel - chlorotic or necrotic local lesions then systemic rugose chlorotic mottle, leaves abscissed, plants stunted and may die.
• Gomphrena globosa - chlorotic spots with reddish borders; not systemic.
• Lycopersicon esculentum - symptomless systemic infection.
• Nicotiana debneyi - irregular brown necrotic ring-like local lesions; not systemic.
• Solanum rostratum - systemic necrotic streaking of stem, petioles and leaf-veins.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Tinantia erecta.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Lycopersicon esculentum, Solanum tuberosum cv. Saco.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Datura metel (L), Gomphrena globosa (L), Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Red Kidney bean (L) (Hiruki, 1970).

Susceptible host species

• Beta vulgaris
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• Datura metel
• Datura stramonium
• Dianthus barbatus
• Dianthus caryophyllus
• Gomphrena globosa
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana occidentalis
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Solanum demissum
• Solanum demissum × S. tuberosum
• Solanum melongena
• Solanum rostratum
• Solanum tuberosum
• Vigna unguiculata

Insusceptible host species

• Tinantia erecta

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Caryophyllaceae (2/2)
• Chenopodiaceae (4/4)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (3/3)
• Solanaceae (10/10)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Commelinaceae (1/1)

Sources of host-range data

De Bokx (1984); Vulich and Hunnius (1967); Kowalska and Wás (1976).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 65-71 °C. LIV: 5-7 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 2-3.

Purification method

Wetter (1960); Proll and Richter (1979).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually straight (to slightly curved); with a clear modal length; of 650 nm; 12 nm wide (Brandes et al., 1959). Basic helix obscure.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 6 % nucleic acid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 8.535 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Proll et al. (1981); Tavantzis (1984). Nucleotide sequence references: Rupasov (1989).

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• D00515 Em(40)_vi:PVM3TR Potato virus M genomic RNA, 3´-terminal region. 2/93 3,164bp.
• D14449 Em(40)_vi:PTMPVMCG Gb(84)_vi:PTMPVMCG Potato virus M genomic RNA, complete sequence. 2/93 8,535bp.
• X53062 Em(40)_vi:POPVMCG Gb(84)_vi:POPVMCG Potato virus M complete genome. 9/93 8,535bp.
• X57440 Em(40)_vi:PVMCP Gb(84)_vi:PVMCP Potato Virus M genes for capsid protein CP and 12 kDa protein. 6/92 1,400bp. 4 sequences.

Features of the genome

Features of the genome: the sequence of the 3´ proximal 2630 nucleotides of the genomic RNA has been determined; five ORF's have been recognised which encode polypeptides of c. 11000, 34000, 25000, 12000 and 7000.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are amorphous X-bodies.

Taxonomy and relationships

Carlavirus

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Carnation latent, potato S, chrysanthemum B, passiflora latent, cactus 2 and red clover vein mosaic viruses, but distantly.

Best tests for diagnosis

Potatoes are often infected with both potato viruses M and S; PVM can be freed from PVS by inoculating tomato, which is immune to potato virus S, or the potato cultivar Saco, which is very resistant to potato virus S and X.

Comments and References

References

• Bagnall, R.H., Larson R.H. and Walker, J.C. (1956). Res. Bull. agric. Exp. Stn. Univ. Wis. 198, 45 pp.
• Bagnall, R.H., Wetter, C. and Larson, R.H. (1959). Phytopathology 49: 435.
• Bode, O. and Weidemann, H.L. (1970). Proc. 4th trienn. Conf. Eur. Ass. Potato Res. Brest 1969, p. 224.
• Brandes, J., Wetter, C., Bagnall, R.H. and Larson, R.H. (1959). Phytopathology 49: 443.
• de Bokx, J.A. (1984). Potato Res. 27: 99.
• de Bokx, J.A., Piron, P.J.M. and Cother, E. (1980). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 86: 285.
• Hiruki, C. (1970). Phytopathology 60: 739.
• Kassanis, B. (1957). Ann. appl. Biol. 45: 422.
• Kassanis, B. (1960). Nature, Lond. 188: 688.
• Kassanis, B. (1961). Eur. Potato J. 4: 13.
• Köhler, E. (1953). Ber. dt. bot. Ges. 66: 63.
• Kowalska, A. and Wás, M. (1976). Potato Res. 19: 131.
• Proll, E., Leiser, R.M. and Östermann, W.D. (1981). Potato Res. 24: 1.
• Proll, E. and Richter, J. (1979). Arch. Phytopathol. PflSchutz, Berlin 15: 233.
• Rozendaal, A. and van Slogteren, D.H.M. (1958). Proc. 3rd Conf. Potato Virus Diseases, Lisse-Wageningen 1957, p. 20.
• Rupasov, V.V., Morozov, S.Y., Kanyuka, K.V. and Zavriev, S.K. (1989). J. gen. Virol. 70: 1861.
• Salaman, R.N. and Le Pelley, E.H. (1930). Proc. R. Soc. 106: 140.
• Schultz, E.S. and Folsom, D. (1923). J. agric. Res. 25: 43.
• Tavantzis, S.M. (1984). Virology 133: 427.
• Vulich, M. and Hunnius, W. (1967). Phytopath. Z. 59: 225.
• Wetter, C. (1960). Arch. Microbiol. 37: 278.
• Wetter, C. (1967). Z. Naturf. 22: 1008.
• Wetter, C. (1972). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 87, 4 pp.
• Wetter, C. and Brandes, J. (1956). Phytopath. Z. 26: 81006.
• Wetter, C. and Völker, J. (1960). Eur. Potato J. 3: 158.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.