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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Plum American line pattern ilarvirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by R.W. Fulton, 1985.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

plum line pattern virus, peach line pattern virosis virus, prunus virus 10, American plum line pattern virus.

Acronym

APLPV

ICTV decimal code

10.0.2.05.01

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms vary seasonally.
• Prunus domestica, P. serrulata, P. cerasus, P. cerasifera, P. americana × P. salicina, P. persica - line patterns and chlorotic rings.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the North American region; Canada and the USA (CABI/EPPO data).

Experimental host range

Many (>9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show chlorotic or necrotic local lesions; systemic veinbanding, mottles, ringspots.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica - tiny red local lesions; systemic red vein necrosis.
• Cucumis sativus, Chenopodium quinoa - small local lesions, not systemic.
• Nicotiana megalosiphon, N. occidentalis - chlorotic or diffuse necrotic local lesions, systemic ringspots or mottles.
• Physalis floridana - inconspicuous chlorotic local lesions, systemic chlorotic veinbanding ringspots, or oak-leaf.
• Petunia × hybrida - chlorotic or necrotic local lesions, systemic necrosis.
  Most species of the Leguminosae show local necrosis, but many are not very susceptible.
• Some isolates infect Gomphrena globosa and Lactuca sativa.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Antirrhinum majus, Gomphrena globosa, Lactuca sativa, Torenia fournieri, Tithonia speciosa..

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Nicotiana megalosiphon, N. occidentalis, Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica, Catharanthus roseus, Prunus domestica.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica (L), Nicotiana megalosiphon (W).

Susceptible host species

• Catharanthus roseus
• Celosia argentea
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Crotalaria spectabilis
• Cucumis sativus
• Datura metel
• Datura stramonium
• Gomphrena globosa
• Lactuca sativa
• Nicandra physalodes
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana megalosiphon
• Nicotiana occidentalis
• Nicotiana sylvestris
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Physalis floridana
• Prunus americana × P. salicina
• Prunus cerasifera
• Prunus cerasus
• Prunus domestica
• Prunus persica
• Prunus serrulata
• Sesbania exaltata
• Vigna unguiculata
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica
• Zinnia elegans

Insusceptible host species

• Antirrhinum majus
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• Gomphrena globosa
• Helianthus annuus
• Lactuca sativa
• Momordica balsamina
• Phlox drummondii
• Physalis floridana
• Physalis peruviana
• Phytolacca americana
• Tithonia speciosa
• Torenia fournieri

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (2/2)
• Apocynaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (2/3)
• Compositae (2/4)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (5/6)
• Rosaceae (6/6)
• Solanaceae (12/13)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/2)
• Chenopodiaceae (1/3)
• Compositae (3/4)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (1/6)
• Phytolaccaceae (1/1)
• Polemoniaceae (1/1)
• Scrophulariaceae (2/2)
• Solanaceae (2 /13)

Sources of host-range data

Paulsen and Fulton (1968); Kirkpatrick et al. (1964).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 66 °C. LIV: 0.2 days (4 hours in sap stabilized with 2-mercaptoethanol. In undiluted sap, infectivity is lost within seconds). DEP: log₁₀ minus 6-7. Electron microscopy: treatment with 1% glutaraldehyde of virions suspended in 0.03 M EDTA.

Purification method

Fulton (1982); Paulson and Fulton (1969).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 26, 28, 31, and 33 nm in diameter; rounded in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

Four sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient of the fastest 125 S; of the other(s) 95, 100, and 114 S (all four are needed for infection). A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 1.67 (unseparated components).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 14 % nucleic acid; 86 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome probably consists of RNA; single-stranded; probably of three parts.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant.

Taxonomy and relationships

Ilarvirus: Bromoviridae (subgroup 5)

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Prunus necrotic ringspot, prune dwarf, tobacco streak, asparagus 2, citrus leaf rugose, citrus variegation, elm mottle, Tulare apple mosaic, apple mosaic, lilac ring mottle and spinach latent viruses.

Best tests for diagnosis

American plum line pattern virus is one of three different viruses that may cause line pattern symptoms in plum and other Prunus spp. The other two are apple mosaic virus and some strains of prunus necrotic ringspot virus, which cause line pattern symptoms worldwide. Serological tests are required for unequivocal identification.

Comments and References

References

• Cation, D. (1941). Phytopathology 31: 1004.
• Fulton, R.W. (1982). Phytopathology 72: 1345.
• Fulton, R.W. (1984). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 280, 4 pp.
• Kirkpatrick, H.C., Cheney, P.W. and Linder, R.C. (1964). Pl. Dis. Reptr 48: 616.
• Kirkpatrick, H.C. and Fulton, R.W. (1976). In: Virus Diseases and Non Infectious Disorders of Stone Fruits in North America. U.S. Dep. Agric. Hdbk No. 437, 166 pp.
• Paulsen, A.Q. and Fulton, R.W. (1968). Phytopathology 58: 766.
• Paulsen, A.Q. and Fulton, R.W. (1969). Ann. appl. Biol. 63: 233.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.