Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Pittosporum vein yellowing nucleorhabdovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by A.A. Brunt and G.L. Rana, 1991.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

pittosporum vein clearing virus (Plásic et al., 1976, 1978; Rana and Di Franco, 1979, 1980), tomato vein yellowing virus, eggplant mottled dwarf virus.

Acronym

PVYV

ICTV decimal code

62.0.5.0.003

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist and vary seasonally. Symptoms stunting, bushy appearance, vein yellowing and mottling, fruit malformation and size reduction.
• Pittosporum tobira - clearing and chlorotic banding of major leaf veins.
• Lycopersicon esculentum - stunting, vein yellowing and curling of leaves, yellow spots on fruit.
• Solanum melongena - stunting, vein yellowing, leaf mottling and crinkling, fruit malformation and size reductions.
• Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Lonicera sp. - vein yellowing.
• Solanum sodomaeum - severe mosaic.

Transmission

Not transmitted by Myzus persicae, Aphis fabae, Aphis spiraecola, Toxoptera aurantium, Aphis gossypii, Macrosiphum spp. (Rana and Di Franco, 1979; El Maataoui et al., 1985). Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed; transmitted by pollen to the seed.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Italy. Found, but with no evidence of spread, in Yugoslavia and Libya.

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show chlorotic local lesions, followed by systemic vein-clearing, leaf curling, veinal necrosis, leaf blade, malformation, mottle, top necrosis.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Capsicum annuum - systemic vein-clearing and leaf curling.
• Chenopodium amaranticolor - systemic vein clearing and leaf malformations.
• Gomphrena globosa, Datura stramonium - chlorotic or necrotic local lesions; not systemic.
• Nicotiana spp. - chlorotic local lesions; systemic vein-clearing and often veinal necrosis and death of plants.
• Lycopersicon esculentum - systemic vein clearing and leaf curling.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Anagyris foetida, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, Celosia cristata, Phaseolus vulgaris, Solanum tuberosum, Vigna radiata.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana alata, N. benthamiana, N. clevelandii, N. debneyi, N. glutinosa, N. rustica, N. tabacum cv. White Burley.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Gomphrena globosa (L), Nicotiana glutinosa (L and W), Nicotiana benthamiana (L and W), N. rustica (L and W), N. alata (W), N. clevelandii (W), Solanum melongena (W).

Susceptible host species

• Capsicum annuum
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Datura metel
• Datura stramonium
• Gomphrena globosa
• Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
• Lonicera
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium
• Nicotiana alata
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana cavicola
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana glauca
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana langsdorffii
• Nicotiana megalosiphon
• Nicotiana occidentalis
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Physalis floridana
• Physalis ixocarpa
• Pittosporum tobira
• Solanum melongena
• Solanum nigrum
• Solanum sodomaeum

Insusceptible host species

• Anagyris foetida
• Celosia cristata
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita pepo
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Solanum tuberosum
• Vigna radiata

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/2)
• Caprifoliaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (2/2)
• Malvaceae (1/1)
• Pittosporaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (23/24)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/2)
• Cucurbitaceae (2/2)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (3/3)
• Solanaceae (1/24)

Sources of host-range data

Rana and Di Franco (1979); El Maataoui et al. (1985); Camele et al. (1991).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 50-55 °C. LIV: 0.12 days (2 hours at about 18ºC). DEP: log₁₀ minus 2-3. Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

At present, no good purification method is known. However, good results were obtained for the TVYV and EMDV isolates using the procedures described by El Maataoui et al. (1985). and Adam et al. (1987).

Particle morphology

Virions rhabdo- or bullet-shaped; enveloped; usually straight; with a clear modal length; of 95-310 nm; 80-96 nm wide. Axial canal obvious; 30 nm in diameter. Basic helix obvious; pitch of basic helix 4-5 nm.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) four; G protein. N protein. M₁ protein. M₂ protein. Method of preparation: Laemmli (1970); Adam et al. (1987). Amino acid sequence: Adam et al. (1987). Virion proteins glycosylated; are and it is the G protein.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves, vascular parenchyma and flowers of the eggplant isolate (Russo and Martelli, 1972); in cytoplasm and in the perinuclear space. Inclusions absent from infected cells. Other cellular changes: less dense nuclei and nucleoli. Perinuclear gaps between the lamellae of the nuclear envelope. Cell wall protrusions contain unusually long rhabdovirus virions.

Taxonomy and relationships

Nucleorhabdovirus: Rhabdoviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Tomato vein yellowing and eggplant mottled dwarf viruses (Adam et al., 1987; Martelli and Cherif, 1987; Camele et al., 1991).

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Cynara rhabdovirus.

Additional comments on relationships

Pittosporum vein clearing rhabdovirus is very closely related, if not identical, to a Moroccan isolate of TVYV (=EMDV) (Camele et al., 1991).

Best tests for diagnosis

1) sap inoculation of Nicotiana benthamiana using fresh young infected leaves of Pittosporum tobira as inoculum (Rana and Di Franco, 1979).

2) Inoculate Cucurbita pepo to distinguish from cucumber mosaic virus which also infects Pittosporum (Rana, 1980).

3) Gel diffusion tests using sap of infected Nicotiana benthamiana (Camele et al., 1991; Adam et al., 1987).

Comments and References

References

• Adam, G., Gnagas, C.M. and Lesemann, D.-E. (1987). Phytopathology 120: 31.
• Camele, I., Nuzzaci, M., Rana, G.L., Lafortezza, R., De Stradis, A., Pace, G. and Palumbo, M. (1991). Inform. Pat. Agrario.
• Corte, A. (1957). Riv. Ortoflorofruitticol. Ital. 41: 97.
• Di Franco, A., Russo, M. and Martelli, G.P. (1980). J. gen. Virol. 49: 209.
• El Maataoui, M. and Lockhart, B.E.L. (1982). Phytopathology 72: 478.
• El Maataoui, M., Lockhart, B.E.L. and Lesemann, D.-E. (1985). Phytopathology 75: 109.
• Horvath, J. (1973). Acta bot. Croat. 32: 25.
• Laemmli, U.K. (1970). Nature, Lond. 227: 680.
• Lockhart, B.E.L. (1987). Plant Dis. 71: 731.
• Martelli, G.P. and Cirulli, M. (1969). Annls. Phytopath. 1: 393.
• Martelli, G.P. and Cherif, C. (1987). J. Phytopath. 119: 32.
• Milicic, D. (1977). Proc. 8th Conf. Czech. Pl. Virol., Bratislava.
• Plavsic, B., Corte, A. and Milicic, D. (1976). Phytopathol. Medit. 15: 115.
• Plavsic, B., Milicic, D. and Eric, Z. (1976). Phytopath. Z. 86: 225.
• Plavsic, B., Milicic, D. and Eric, Z. (1978). Phytopath. Z. 91: 67.
• Rana, G.L. (1980). Inf. tore Fitopatol. 30(4): 7.
• Rana, G.L. and Di Franco, A. (1979). Phytopathol. Medit. 18: 48.
• Rana, G.L. and Di Franco, A. (1980). Acta Hort. 110: 191.
• Russo, M. and Martelli, G.P. (1972). Phytopathol. Medit. 11: 136.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.