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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Physalis mosaic tymovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by A.J. Gibbs, 1991.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

belladonna mottle virus - US, belladonna mottle virus - Iowa.

Acronym

PhyMV

ICTV decimal code

77.0.1.0.013

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist. Symptoms mosaics and mottles.
• Physalis subglabrata, P. heterophylla - systemic mosaic or mottle.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the USA.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show necrotic or chlorotic local lesions, systemic mottle or mosaic.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Capsicum annuum - chlorotic local lesions, systemic mottle.
• Datura metel, D. stramonium - necrotic local lesions, systemic mosaic.
• Nicandra physalodes - systemic mosaic.
• Nicotiana clevelandii, N. glutinosa, N. tabacum cv. White Burley - necrotic local lesions.
• Chenopodium foetidum - systemic chlorosis.
• Sonchus oleraceus - symptomless infection.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Atropa belladonna, Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Solanum melongena.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Datura stramonium, Nicotiana clevelandii, N. glutinosa.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Datura stramonium (W), Nicotiana clevelandii (W).

Susceptible host species

• Capsicum annuum
• Chenopodium foetidum
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Datura metel
• Datura stramonium
• Helianthus annuus
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Nicandra physalodes
• Nicotiana benthamiana
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana megalosiphon
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana sylvestris
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Petunia × hybrida
• Physalis floridana
• Physalis heterophylla
• Physalis peruviana
• Physalis subglabrata
• Solanum nigrum
• Sonchus oleraceus
• Triticum aestivum

Insusceptible host species

• Atropa belladonna
• Beta vulgaris
• Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis
• Catharanthus roseus
• Celosia argentea
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium hybridum
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cucumis melo
• Cucumis sativus
• Daucus carota
• Dianthus caryophyllus
• Glycine max
• Gomphrena globosa
• Hordeum vulgare
• Lactuca sativa
• Medicago sativa
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Pisum sativum
• Raphanus sativus
• Solanum chacoense
• Solanum demissum
• Solanum melongena
• Solanum nigrum
• Solanum tuberosum
• Trifolium incarnatum
• Trifolium repens
• Vicia faba
• Vigna unguiculata
• Zea mays
• Zinnia elegans

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (2/6)
• Compositae (2/4)
• Gramineae (1/3)
• Solanaceae (19/24)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (2/2)
• Apocynaceae (1/1)
• Caryophyllaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (5/6)
• Compositae (2/4)
• Cruciferae (2/2)
• Cucurbitaceae (2/2)
• Gramineae (2/3)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (8/8)
• Solanaceae (6 /24)
• Umbelliferae (1/1)

Sources of host-range data

Peters and Derks (1974).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

LIV: 50 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 8. Infectivity of sap not changed by treatment with di-ethyl ether. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Peters and Derks (1974).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 27-29 nm in diameter; rounded in profile; with a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

Two sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient of the fastest 112-114 S; of the other(s) 50-54 S. Density 1.42 g cm^-3 in CsCl (B), or 1.27 g cm^-3 in CsCl (T). A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 1.63 (B), or 1.06 (T).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 38 % nucleic acid; 62 % protein.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear; unipartite. Base composition 14.4 % G; 22.9 % A; 37.2 % C; 25.5 % U. Genome has tRNA-like activity. Genome accepts valine.

Sequence database accession code(s)

• S97776 Em(40)_vi:S97776 Gb(84)_vi:S97776 replicase protein, coat protein (3´ region) Physalis mottle virus PhMV.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 20000; coat protein. Amino acid sequence: Jacob et al. (1991).

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant.

Taxonomy and relationships

Tymovirus

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Belladonna mottle and dulcamara mottle viruses.

Differences between type strain and others

Most of the plant species inoculated with physalis mosaic virus or with belladonna mottle virus (I) isolate reacted similarly however Chenopodium quinoa and Solanum nigrum were infected by the latter and not the former.

Additional comments on relationships

Slight cross protection with Andean potato latent and dulcamara mottle viruses.

Comments and References

References

• Jacob, A.N.K., Murthy, M.R.N. and Savithri, H.S. (1991). J. gen. Virol. in press.
• Moline, H.E. and Fries, R.E. (1974). Phytopathology 64: 44.
• Peters, D. and Derks, A.F.L.M. (1974). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 80: 124.
• Peter, R., Peter, C., Dupin, A. and Witz, J. (1989). C.r. Acad. Sci. Paris 309 Serie III, p. 599.
• Savithri, H.S., Monski, S.K., Suryanarayana, S., Divikar, S. and Murthy, M.R.N. (1987). J. gen. Virol. 68: 1533.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.