Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Pelargonium line pattern (?) carmovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by I. Bouwen and D.Z. Maat, 1991.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

pelargonium ring pattern virus.

Acronym

PLPV

ICTV decimal code

74.0.2.T.DE.2

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms vary seasonally, or none.
• Pelargonium zonale - mainly symptomless but, during winter, may have yellow/green spots and line patterns.
• Pelargonium peltatum - no symptoms.

Transmission

Not transmitted by Myzus persicae. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Belgium, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, the UK, and the former Yugoslavia. Found, but with no evidence of spread, in the U.S.A. and Germany.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show symptoms 18 months after inoculation and usually during winter, in Pelargonium zonale, as veinal flecks and line pattern.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium amaranticolor - small chlorotic local lesions with whitish necrotic centres, not systemic.
• Chenopodium quinoa - chlorotic spots, most becoming necrotic, occasional systemic chlorotic spots.
• Nicotiana clevelandii - faint diffuse spots, occasionally symptomless, systemic mild chlorotic mottle, vein clearing and mild rugosity or symptomless.
• Pisum sativum - grey-brown necrotic spots, not systemic.
• Vicia faba - dark green local lesions with necrotic centre, chlorosis, usually symptomless systemic infection.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Amaranthus caudatus, Chrysanthemum sp., Cucumis sativus, Dianthus caryophyllus.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Nicotiana clevelandii.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium quinoa (L), Nicotiana clevelandii (W), Vicia faba (L).

Susceptible host species

• Atriplex hortensis
• Beta vulgaris
• Celosia argentea
• Chenopodium album
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium capitatum
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Datura stramonium
• Dianthus barbatus
• Glycine max
• Gomphrena globosa
• Lathyrus odoratus
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Nicotiana bigelovii
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana megalosiphon
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Ocimum basilicum
• Pelargonium peltatum
• Pelargonium zonale
• Petunia × hybrida
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Pisum sativum
• Silene armeria
• Solanum melongena
• Solanum nigrum
• Solanum tuberosum
• Spinacia oleracea
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Torenia fournieri
• Trifolium incarnatum
• Vicia faba
• Vigna unguiculata

Insusceptible host species

• Amaranthus caudatus
• Chrysanthemum morifolium
• Cucumis sativus
• Dianthus caryophyllus
• Gomphrena globosa

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (2/3)
• Caryophyllaceae (2/3)
• Chenopodiaceae (8/8)
• Geraniaceae (2/2)
• Labiatae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (7/7)
• Scrophulariaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (13/13)
• Tetragoniaceae (1 /1)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (2/3)
• Caryophyllaceae (1/3)
• Compositae (1/1)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/1)

Sources of host-range data

Plese and Stefanac (1980); Stone (1974); Stone and Hollings (1971 and 1977); Welvaert et al. (1982).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 85 °C. LIV: 18-23 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 5-6. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Maat: harvest leaves of Nicotiana clevelandii 10 days after inoculation. Homogenize leaves at 4ºC with 2 ml/g of 20mM sodium phosphate, (pH 6), 20mM sodium thioglycolate and 20mM sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, then with 0.16 vol of 50:50 diethyl ether: carbon tetrachloride. Homogenate is clarified, then differentially centrifuged (85,600 g for 2 hours and 8-10000g for 10 minutes) in 20mM sodium phosphate buffer, and 2 cycles of sucrose-gradient centrifugation.

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; c. 30 nm in diameter.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 115 S.

Biochemical properties

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded.

Sequence database accession code(s)

• S58174 Em(40)_vi:S58174 Gb(84)_vi:S58174 putative RNA polymerase, coat protein pelargonium leaf curl virus PLCV, Genomic RNA, 1787 nt 1 sequence.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 41400; capsid polypeptide.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves, mesophyll and the epidermis. In Pelargonium peltatum the virus has been found in the leaves, petioles, stem, nodes and complete flowers; in cytoplasm and in cell vacuoles. Inclusions present in infected cells; are unusual in shape; in Chenopodium quinoa and Vicia faba the inclusions are described as delicate granular cytoplasmic bodies of characteristic star-like or amoeboid appearance; they contain virions. Other cellular changes: are described by Stefanac et al. (1981 and 1982).

Taxonomy and relationships

Possible Carmovirus: Tombusviridae

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Carnation mottle, bean mild mosaic, blackgram mottle, cowpea mottle, cucumber leaf spot, cucumber necrosis, cucumber soil-borne, elderberry latent, galinsoga mosaic, glycine mottle, hibiscus chlorotic ringspot, melon necrotic spot, narcissus tip necrosis, pelargonium flower break, plantain 6, saguaro cactus, tephrosia symptomless and turnip crinkle viruses.

Best tests for diagnosis

Pelargonium line pattern virus is often associated with pelargonium flower break virus. It can be distinguished by ELISA or by mechanical inoculation on Vicia faba. Pelargonium line pattern virus produces brown local lesions on inoculated leaves and pelargonium flower break does not infect.

Comments and References

References

• Anon. (1988). In: Tips on Growing Zonal Geraniums, pp. 43-45; ed. H.K. Tayama, OCES, Ohio State University, Bulletin FP-765 Agdex 281/15.
• Hoof, H.A., van Maat, D.Z. and Vink, J. (1973). Vakblad voor de Bloemisterij 28: 9.
• Morris, T.J. and Carrington, J.C. (1988). In: The Plant Viruses, Vol. 3, Polyhedral Virions with Monopartite RNA Genomes, p. 73; ed. R. Koenig. Plenum Press, New York.
• Paludan, N. and Begtrup, J. (1987). Tidsskr. PlAvl. 91: 183.
• Plese, N. and Stefanac, Z. (1980). Acta Hort. 110: 183.
• Stefanac, Z., Plese, N. and Wrischer, M. (1981). Abstr. 5th Int. Congr. Virol., Strasbourg, p. 239.
• Stefanac, Z., Plese, N. and Wrischer, M. (1982). Phytopath. Z. 105: 288.
• Stone, O.M. (1974). Acta Hort. 36: 113.
• Stone, O.M. (1980). Acta Hort. 110: 177.
• Stone, O.M. and Hollings, M. (1971). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. 1970, p. 153.
• Stone, O.M. and Hollings, M. (1976). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. 1975, p. 119.
• Stone, O.M. and Hollings, M. (1977). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. 1976, p. 121.
• Welvaert, W. and Samyn, G. (1985). Acta Hort 164: 341.
• Welvaert, W. and Samyn, G. (1988). Acta Hort. 234: 165.
• Welvaert, W., Samyn, G. and De Simpelaere, P. (1982). Med. Fac. Landb. Rijksuniv. Gent. 47: 1033.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.