Plant Viruses
Online 
Descriptions and Lists from
the VIDE Database
Pelargonium
flower break carmovirus
Index
Data collated by I. Bouwen, 1991.
Nomenclature
Acronym
ICTV decimal code
Host range and symptoms
First reported
in Pelargonium zonale; from the U.K.; by Stone and Hollings (1971;
1973a and b).
Natural host range and symptoms
Symptoms vary seasonally,
or none.
- Pelargonium peltatum - symptomless.
- P. zonale -
usually symptomless. Some cultivars show white flower streaking, chlorotic
spotting of young leaves and stunting.
Transmission
Transmitted by means not involving a vector;
vegetative propagation and mechanical transmission. Not transmitted by
Cuscuta campestris, Myzus persicae. Virus transmitted by mechanical
inoculation; transmitted by grafting; probably transmitted by contact between
plants; not transmitted by seed.
Ecology and control
Studies
reported by Hollings and Stone (1974), Pelargonium can be freed from
pelargonium flower break virus by growing for 4 weeks at 30-35ºC or
4-8 weeks at 34-37ºC (16 hours) and 20-25ºC (8 hours) then
rooting small cuttings from the stem tips, but few plants survive.
Geographical distribution
Spreads in Denmark, Germany, the
Netherlands, and the UK. Found, but with no evidence of spread, in the U.S.A.
Experimental host range
Several (3-9) families
susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show no symptoms, but some
Pelargonium zonale cultivars show flower breaking.
Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms
- Chenopodium quinoa - numerous chlorotic and necrotic local
lesions; occasional systemic infection, with leaf mottling.
- Gomphrena
globosa - few, brown necrotic local lesions (or symptomless if inoculum
is dilute), not systemic.
- Nicotiana clevelandii - diffuse
chlorotic, occasionally necrotic, local lesions, not systemic.
- Nicotiana
megalosiphon - local and systemic symptomless infection.
- Tetragonia tetragonioides - chlorotic local lesions not systemic.
Diagnostically insusceptible host species
Cucumis
sativus, Nicotiana glutinosa, N. tabacum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum.
Maintenance and propagation hosts
Nicotiana clevelandii,
N. megalosiphon.
Assay hosts (Local lesions
or Whole plants)
Susceptible host species
Insusceptible host species
Families containing susceptible hosts
Families containing
insusceptible hosts
Sources of host-range data
Hollings
and Stone (1974); Stone and Hollings (1973a).
Physical and
biochemical properties
Properties of particles in sap
TIP:
85-90 °C (in sap of Chenopodium quinoa and Nicotiana clevelandii),
or 60 °C (in Tetragonia tetragonioides sap). LIV: 21 days (at 20ºC),
or 189 days (at 2ºC in sap of Chenopodium quinoa and Nicotiana
clevelandii), or 32 days (at 20ºC in sap of Tetragonia
tetragonioides). DEP: log10 minus 4 (in sap of Pelargonium), or 6
(in sap of C. quinoa, N. clevelandii and Tetragonia
tetragonioides). Leaf sap contains many virions.
Particle morphology
Virions isometric; 30 nm in diameter.
Physical properties
One sedimenting component in purified
preparations; sedimentation coefficient 125 S. A260/A280 ratio
1.64.
Biochemical properties
Genome consists of RNA;
single-stranded. Total genome size 4 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only)
genome part 4 kb.
Sequence database accession code(s)
- L34289
Gb(84)_vi:CVIRDRP Pelargonium flower-break carmovirus (clone pPFB26) RNA
polymerase (RdRp) mRNA fragment. 7/94.
- Z28395 Em(43)_vi:Pfbvrdrp
Gb(89)_vi:Pfbvrdrp Pelargonium flower break virus RNA (genomic) for
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. 1/95 408bp.
Features of the genome
Sub-genomic mRNA
found in infected cells; 1.5 and 1.7 kb (Morris and Carrington, 1988). 3 virus
specified dsRNA species found in infected cells. Size of largest virus specified
dsRNA 4 kbp; 2nd largest 1.5 kbp; 3rd largest 1.7 kbp.
Features of proteins
Virion protein(s) one (plus a
fragment); Mr 41200 (plus 35000 - Morris and Carrington, 1988;
Stone and Hollings, 1973a; Hollings and Stone, 1974).
Cytopathology
Virions found in all parts of the host
plant. Inclusions absent from infected cells.
Taxonomy and
relationships
Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions
Bean mild mosaic, blackgram mottle, carnation mottle, cowpea mottle,
cucumber leaf spot, cucumber necrosis, cucumber soil-borne, elderberry latent,
galinsoga mosaic, glycine mottle, hibiscus chlorotic ringspot, melon necrotic
spot, narcissus tip necrosis, pelargonium line pattern, plantain 6, saguaro
cactus, tephrosia symptomless and turnip crinkle viruses.
Additional comments on relationships
No serological relationship found to any of 42 other isometric
viruses.
Comments and
References
References
- Anon. (1988). In:
Tips on Growing Zonal Geraniums, p 43; ed. H.K. Tayama, OCES, Ohio State
University, Bulletin FP-765 Agdex 281/15.
- Hollings, M. and Stone, O.M.
(1974). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 130, 4 pp.
- Morris, T.J. and
Carrington, J.C. (1988). In: The Plant Viruses, Vol. 3, Polyhedral
Virions with Monopartite RNA Genomes, p. 73; ed. R. Koenig. Plenum Press, New
York.
- Paludan, N. (1976). Acta Hort. 59: 119.
- Paludan, N.
and Begtrup, J. (1987a). Tidsskr. PlAvl. 91: 183.
- Paludan, N. and Begtrup, J. (1987b). Gron Viden Havebrug nr.
8, 4 pp.
- Stone, O.M. (1974). Acta Hort. 36: 113.
- Stone,
O.M. (1980). Acta Hort. 110: 177.
- Stone, O.M. and Hollings, M.
(1971). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. 1970, p. 153.
- Stone, O.M.
and Hollings, M. (1973a). Ann. appl. Biol. 75: 15.
- Stone, O.M. and Hollings, M. (1973b). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res.
Inst. 1972, p. 104.
- Wiedemann, W. and Oertel, C. (1988). NachrBl.
PflSchutz. 12: 42.
Cite this publication as:
Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.)
(1996 onwards).
`Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database.
Version: 20th August 1996.' URL
http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/
Dallwitz (1980)
and
Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993)
should also be cited.
Please send comments, corrections and suggestions to:
vide-manager@biology.anu.edu.au