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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Papaya ringspot potyvirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by D.E. Purcifull, J.R. Edwardson, E. Hiebert and D. Gonsalves, 1986.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

papaya distortion mosaic virus, papaya leaf distortion virus, papaw distortion ringspot virus, papaw mosaic virus, watermelon mosaic virus 1.

Acronym

PRSV

Strains

type P, Guadeloupe papaya ringspot, papaya ringspot - type W has been shown to be watermelon mosaic virus 1 potyvirus.

ICTV decimal code

57.0.1.0.045

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Carica papaya - mottling and malformation of leaves, ringspots and streaking on fruit, stems and petioles, plants stunted with less fruit (Conover, 1964a; Jensen, 1949a). Symptoms severe in cool weather (Jensen, 1949a; Conover, 1964a; Lima and Gomes, 1975).

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Myzus persicae (Jensen, 1949b; Conover, 1964a; Zettler et al., 1968) and Aphis gossypii; Aphididae. Transmitted in a non-persistent manner. Amorphous inclusion protein (AI) is required as the helper component for transmission. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seed.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the Middle East and the South and Central American region; China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Mexico, Taiwan, and the USA.

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Carica papaya - symptoms variable; vein clearing then mottled and malformed leaves with smaller lobes (Conover, 1964a, 1964b).
• Cucurbita pepo - some isolates give mosaic and leaf malformation but others induce mild mottle (Gonsalves and Ishii, 1980).
• Cucumis metuliferus cv. Accession 2459 - systemic mottling or mosaic.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Cucumis metuliferus plant introduction PI 292190, Nicotiana benthamiana.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Carica papaya, Cucurbita pepo and Cucumis metuliferus cv. Accession 2459.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), Chenopodium quinoa (L), Cucurbita pepo (W).

Susceptible host species

• Carica papaya
• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cucumis melo
• Cucumis metuliferus (cv. Accession 2459)
• Cucumis sativus
• Cucurbita maxima
• Cucurbita moschata
• Cucurbita pepo

Insusceptible host species

• Carica papaya
• Cucumis metuliferus
• Myosotis sylvatica
• Nicotiana benthamiana

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Caricaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (2/2)
• Cucurbitaceae (6/6)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Boraginaceae (1/1)
• Caricaceae (1/1)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/6)
• Solanaceae (1/1)

Sources of host-range data

Jensen (1949a); Conover (1964a); Wang et al. (1978); Milne and Grogan (1969); Purcifull and Hiebert (1979); Yeh et al. (1984).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 54-60 °C. LIV: 0.3 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 3. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Gonsalves and Ishii (1980), see CMI/AAB description No. 292.

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually flexuous; with a clear modal length; of 760-800 nm; 12 nm wide.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations. Density 1.32 g cm^-3 in CsCl.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 5.5 % nucleic acid; 94.5 % protein.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 12 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 12 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Brakke and van Pelt (1970); de Mejia (1984); Hiebert et al. (1984); de Mejia et al. (1984). 5´ terminus of RNA probably a genome-linked protein (VPg).

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• D00594 Em(40)_vi:PRVW Gb(84)_vi:PAYW Papaya ringspot virus nuclear inclusion protein (NIb protein) gene, coat protein gene and 3´
• D00595 Em(40)_vi:PRVP Gb(84)_vi:PAYP Papaya ringspot virus nuclear inclusion protein (NIb protein) gene, coat protein gene and 3´
• S46722 Em(40)_un:S46722 Gb(84)_vi:S46722 polyprotein papaya ringspot virus PRSV, HA, Hawaii isolate, Genomic RNA Complete, 10326 nt.
• S76059 Gb(90)_vi:S76059 NIb=replicase...CP=coat protein (papaya ringspot virus PRSV, SM, South China isolate, Genomic RNA, 3 genes, 1647nt).
• S89893 Em(40)_vi:S89893 Gb(84)_vi:S89893 3´ region: coat protein papaya ringspot virus PRSV, type W Australian isolate, Cucurbita pep
• U14736 Gb(84)n:PRU14736 Papaya ringspot virus isolate Bridgeman Downs coat protein mRNA, partial cds. 9/94 842bp
• U14737 Gb(84)n:PRU14737 Papaya ringspot virus isolate Bundaberg coat protein mRNA, partial cds. 9/94 842bp.
• U14738 Gb(84)n:PRU14738 Papaya ringspot virus isolate coat protein mRNA, partial cds. 9/94 842bp.
• U14739 Gb(84)n:PRU14739 Papaya ringspot virus isolate Gatton coat protein mRNA, partial cds. 9/94 842bp
• U14740 Gb(84)n:PRU14740 Papaya ringspot virus isolate Wellington Point coat protein mRNA, partial cds. 9/94 842bp.
• U14741 Gb(84)n:PRU14741 Papaya ringspot virus isolate Sri Lanka coat protein mRNA, partial cds. 9/94 839bp
• U14742 Gb(84)n:PRU14742 Papaya ringspot virus isolate Vietnam coat protein mRNA, partial cds. 9/94 848bp.
• U14743 Gb(84)n:PRU14743 Papaya ringspot virus isolate Thailand coat protein mRNA, partial cds. 9/94 839bp.
• U14744 Gb(84)n:PRU14744 Papaya ringspot virus isolate Northern territory coat protein mRNA, partial cds. 9/94 842bp.
• X67672 Em(40)_vi:PRVNIBCP Gb(84)_vi:PRVNIBCP Papaya ringspot Virus genomic RNA for nuclear inclusion protein b and coat protein. 6/93 2,56
• X67673 Em(40)_vi:PRVCG Gb(84)_vi:PRVCG Papaya ringspot Virus complete genomic RNA. 12/92 10,326bp.
• D50591 Em(43)_vi:Paycp Gb(89)_vi:Paycp Papaya ringspot virus gene for coat protein. 5/95 1,125bp.
• X78557 Em(43)_vi:Prvniab Gb(89)_vi:Prvniab Papaya ringspot virus NIa gene, NiB gene, CP gene. 11/94 2,960bp.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 36000-36500 (two smaller proteins with a M_r of 31000-34000 and 26000-27000 have been reported. Preparations stored for 2 months contained primarily the smaller form, presumably the smaller form arises by proteolytic degradation). Method of preparation: Purcifull and Hiebert (1979); Gonsalves and Ishii (1980); Baum (1980).

Virus-coded non-virion proteins isolated (Yeh (1984), for cylindrical (pinwheel) inclusions (CI) and by de Mejia (1984), for amorphous inclusion body (AI)); two proteins found. M_r of the largest 69000-70000; CI non virion protein. M_r of 2nd largest 51000; AI, helper protein in aphid transmission.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm and in cell vacuoles. Inclusions present in infected cells; are amorphous X-bodies and pinwheels (i.e. scrolls (Edwardson's type 1 inclusions)); they do not contain virions.

Taxonomy and relationships

Potyvirus: Potyviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

The Guadeloupe isolate of PRV (Quiot-Douine et al., 1986) is very closely related, but distinct. PRV antisera react with the D-protein of tobacco etch virus (Shepard et al., 1974) and the virion proteins and CI proteins of a potyvirus isolate from cucurbits in Morocco (Fischer and Lockhart, 1974).

Differences between type strain and others

PRV - type P infects papaya and cucurbits, but watermelon mosaic virus 1 (PRV-W) infects cucurbits, but not papaya. Analysis of the coat protein genes of isolates from Australia, Thailand and the U.S.A. indicates that, in each country, papaya ringspot - P isolates have evolved independently from local watermelon mosaic virus 1 isolates (Bateson et al., 1994).

Comments and References

References

• Bateson, M.F., Henderson, J., Chaleeprom, W., Gibbs, A.J. and Dale, J.L. (1994). J. gen. Virol. 75: 3547.
• Baum, R.H. (1980). Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Florida, 99 pp.
• Baum, R.H. and Purcifull, D.E. (1981). Phytopathology 71: 202.
• Brakke, M.K. and van Pelt, N. (1970). Virology 42: 699.
• Conover, R.A. (1964a). Proc. Fla St. hort. Soc. 77: 440.
• Conover, R.A. (1964b). Proc. Fla St. hort. Soc. 77: 444.
• de Mejia, M.V.G. (1984). Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Florida, 52 pp.
• de Mejia, M.V.G., Hiebert, E. and Purcifull, D.E. (1984). Phytopathology 74: 1015.
• de Mejia, M.V.G., Hiebert, E. and Purcifull, D.E. (1985). Virology 142: 24,34.
• Edwardson, J.R. (1974). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 4, 398 pp.
• Fischer, H.U. and Lockhart, B.E. (1974). Pl. Dis. Reptr 58: 143.
• Gonsalves, D. and Ishii, M. (1980). Phytopathology 70: 1028.
• Hiebert, E., Thornbury, D.W. and Pirone, T.P. (1984). Virology 135: 1.
• Jensen, D.D. (1949a). Phytopathology 39: 191.
• Jensen, D.D. (1949b). Phytopathology 39: 212.
• Karl, E. and Schmelzer, K. (1971). Arch. PflSchutz. 7: 3.
• Lima, J.A.A. and Gomes (1975). Fitossanidade, Fortaleza 1: 56.
• Lindner, R.C., Jensen, D.D. and Ikeda, W. (1945). Haw. Farm and Home 8: 10.
• Makkouk, K.M. and Lesemann, D.E. (1980). Plant Dis. 64: 789.
• Milne, K.S. and Grogan, R.G. (1969). Phytopathology 59: 809.
• Purcifull, D.E. and Hiebert, E. (1979). Phytopathology 69: 112.
• Purcifull, D.E., Hiebert, E. and Edwardson, J.R. (1984). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 293, 7 pp.
• Purcifull, D., Edwardson, J. and Gonsalves, D. (1984). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 292, 8 pp.
• Quiot-Douine, L., Purcifull, D.E., Hiebert, E. and de Mejia, M.V.G. (1986). Phytopathology 76: 346.
• Abu-Samah, N. (1982). Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Adelaide, 109 pp.
• Shepard, J.E., Secor, G.A. and Purcifull, D.E. (1974). Virology 58: 464.
• Wan, S.H. and Conover, R.A. (1983). Plant Dis. 67: 353.
• Wang, H.L., Wang, C.C., Chiu, R.J. and Sun, M.H. (1978). F.A.O. Pl. Prot. Bull. 20: 133.
• Yeh, S.D. (1984). Ph.D. Thesis, Cornell Univ., 98 pp.
• Yeh, S.D., Gonsalves, D. and Provvidenti, R. (1984). Phytopathology 74: 1081.
• Zettler, F.W., Edwardson, J.R. and Purcifull, D.E. (1968). Phytopathology 58: 332.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.