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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Maize streak monogeminivirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by M.B. von Wechmar, 1985. Revised by P.G. Markham and M.I. Boulton, 1989.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

bajra streak virus (Seth et al., 1972a & 1972b), cereal African streak virus, maize streak A virus.

Acronym

MSV

Strains

maize strain, Panicum maximum strain, sugarcane strain, Digitaria setigera strain.

ICTV decimal code

29.0.1.0.006

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Avena sativa, Hordeum vulgare, Secale cereale, Sorghum bicolor, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays, Saccharum spp., Panicum maximum, Setaria verticillata, Digitaria abyssinica, Digitaria velutina, Cenchrus echinatus, Brachiaria reptens, Coix lacryma-jobi, Chloris gayana, Pennisetum purpureum, Sorghum sudanense, Eleusine africana, Eleusine indica, Rottboellia exaltata, Setaria homonyma, Setaria pallidifusca, Urochloa panicoides, Urochloa trichopus - chlorotic or white streaking or lesions.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Cicadulina mbila, C. arachidis, C. bipunctella, C. triangula, C. bimaculata, C. similis, C. latens, C. ghaurii, C. parazeae; Cicadellidae. Transmitted in a persistent manner. Virus retained when the vector moults; does not multiply in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed; not transmitted by pollen.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Rose (1973a; b; 1974; 1978).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the African region; India, Madagascar, Reunion, and Yemen.

Experimental host range

Many (>9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show streaks and spots.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Zea mays - systemic chlorotic streaking.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Zea perennis, Zea diploperennis, Pennisetum americanum.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Hordeum vulgare (W), Triticum aestivum (W), Zea mays cv. Golden Cross Bantam (W).

Susceptible host species

• Aegilops cylindrica
• Aegilops triaristata
• Aegilops triuncialis
• Aegilops umbellulata
• Agropyron sibiricum (=Agropyron cristatum)
• Agrostis gigantea
• Alopecurus pratensis
• Andropogon gerardi
• Avena fatua
• Avena sativa
• Bothriochloa alta
• Brachiaria eruciformis
• Brachiaria reptens
• Bromus uniloides
• Calamagrostis canadensis
• Cenchrus argentina
• Cenchrus cucullata
• Cenchrus echinatus
• Cenchrus gayana
• Cenchrus radiata
• Cenchrus submutica
• Cenchrus virgata
• Chloris gayana
• Coix lacryma-jobi
• Cymbopogon distans
• Cymbopogon schoenanthus
• Cynodon dactylon
• Digitaria abyssinica
• Digitaria enantha
• Digitaria horizontalis
• Digitaria longiflora
• Digitaria marginata
• Digitaria milanjiana
• Digitaria sanguinalis
• Digitaria ternata
• Digitaria velutina
• Echinochloa polystachya
• Eleusine africana
• Eleusine coracana
• Eleusine indica
• Elytrigia repens
• Eragrostis abyssinica
• Eragrostis aspera
• Eragrostis ciliaris
• Eragrostis curvula
• Eragrostis valida
• Euchlaena mexicana
• Festuca arundinacea
• Glyceria fluitans
• Heteropogon contortus
• Holcus lanatus
• Hordeum vulgare
• Hyparrhenia rufa
• Imperata arundinacea
• Leptochloa virgata
• Lolium multiflorum
• Lolium perenne
• Lolium subulatum
• Panicum bergii
• Panicum coloratum
• Panicum hallii
• Panicum maximum
• Panicum miliaceum
• Panicum texanum
• Panicum virgatum
• Paspalum almum
• Paspalum notatum
• Paspalum scrobiculatum
• Paspalum urvillei
• Pennisetum clandestinum
• Pennisetum purpureum
• Rottboellia exaltata
• Saccharum
• Schedonnardus paniculatus
• Schizachrium scoparium
• Secale cereale
• Setaria chevalieri
• Setaria faberi
• Setaria homonyma
• Setaria italica
• Setaria pallidifusca
• Setaria verticillata
• Setaria viridis
• Sorghastrum nutans
• Sorghum bicolor
• Sorghum sudanense
• Trichachne californica
• Trichloris crinita
• Trichloris pluriflora
• Triticum aestivum
• Urochloa helopus
• Urochloa panicoides
• Urochloa trichopus
• Vaseyochloa multinervosa
• Zea mays

Insusceptible host species

• Agropyron cristatum
• Agrostis canina
• Agrostis palustris
• Agrostis stolonifera
• Agrostis tenuis
• Alopecurus aequalis
• Andropogon hallii
• Arrhenatherum elatius
• Bothriochloa barbinodis
• Bouteloua gracilis
• Bouteloua hirsuta
• Bromus carinatus
• Bromus erectus
• Bromus inermis
• Cenchrus canterai
• Cenchrus ciliaris
• Cenchrus distichophylla
• Chloris gayana
• Cynodon dactylon
• Dactylis glomerata
• Dactyloctenium gigantea
• Digitaria decumbens
• Digitaria valida
• Echinochloa colona
• Echinochloa crus-galli
• Elymus canadensis
• Eremochloa ophiuroides
• Euchlaena perennis
• Festuca ovina
• Festuca rubra
• Hordeum jubatum
• Leersia hexandra
• Panicum coloratum var. Makarikari
• Panicum maximum
• Paspalum dilatatum
• Pennisetum americanum
• Pennisetum clandestinum
• Pennisetum macrorum
• Pennisetum typhoides
• Phalaris arundinacea
• Phalaris tuberosa
• Phleum pratense
• Poa compressa
• Poa pratensis
• Poa trivialis
• Setaria italica
• Setaria nigrirostris
• Setaria sphacelata
• Sorghum bicolor
• Sorghum halepense
• Sorghum miliaceum
• Sorghum propinguum
• Sorghum vulgare
• Stenotaphrum secundatum
• Tripsacum dactyloides
• Zea diploperennis
• Zea perennis

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Gramineae (95/146)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Gramineae (57/146)

Comments on host-range

All isolates tested infect Zea mays cv. Golden Cross Bantam.

Sources of host-range data

Bock et al. (1974); Rose (1978); Damsteegt (1983); Storey (1925); Storey and McClean (1930).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

LIV: more than 7 days. Leaf sap contains many virions. Electron microscopy: UA is best. ISEM is most reliable.

Purification method

Von Wechmar and Milne (1982).

Particle morphology

Virions geminate; not enveloped; 18 nm in diameter; 30 nm in length; angular in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

Two sedimenting components in purified preparations (in sucrose (Howell, 1984). However, one could be of damaged virion as most geminiviruses sediment as a single component); sedimentation coefficient of the fastest 76 S; of the other(s) 54 S.

Biochemical properties

Genome consists of DNA; single-stranded; circular. Total genome size 2.69 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 2.689 kb (Nigerian isolate, Mullineaux, 1984; 2.690, South African isolate, Lazarowitz, 1988; 2.681, Kenyan isolate, Howell, 1984). Base composition 25.7 % G; 25.4 % A; 23.6 % C; 25.3 % T. Infectivity retained when deproteinised with phenol or detergent (via agroinfection). Poly A region absent (but does have polyadenylated transcripts). Additional factor required for infectivity (coat protein is essential for transmission by leafhoppers, but cloned DNA can infect by agroinfection). Nucleotide sequence references: Mullineaux et al. (1984); Howell (1984); Lazarowitz (1988).

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• K02026 Gb(84)_vi:MZS Maize streak virus, complete genome. 6/88 2,687bp.
• M26262 Em(40)_vi:GEMZSMSV Gb(84)_vi:MZSMSV Maize streak virus putative primer of second-strand synthesis. 2/90 81bp.
• S54420 Em(40)_vi:S54420 Gb(84)_vi:S54420 (upstream activating sequence, promoter) maize streak virus, Genomic, 134 nt. 11/93 134bp.
• X01089 Em(40)_vi:GEMSVKV Gb(84)_vi:GEMSVKV Maize streak virus (Kenyan isolate) virion strand (MSV-K). 7/89 2,681bp.
• X01633 Em(40)_vi:GEMSV01 Gb(84)_vi:GEMSV01 Maize streak virus DNA sequence (MSV). 9/93 2,687bp.
• Y00514 Em(40)_vi:GEMSVSXX Gb(84)_vi:GEMSVSXX Maize streak virus (MSV-S) infectious genome. 9/93 2,690bp.
• U20768 Em(43)_vi:Ms20768 Gb(89)_vi:Msu20768 Maize streak virus replication associated protein gene, partial cds. 5/95 227bp.
• U20769 Gb(89)n:Msu20769 Maize streak virus RepB (C2) gene, partial cds. 6/95 227bp.
• U20870 Em(43)_vi:Ms20870 Gb(89)_vi:Msu20870 Maize streak virus RepB (C2) gene, partial cds. 4/95 251bp.
• U20871 Em(43)_vi:Ms20871 Gb(89)_vi:Msu20871 Maize streak virus strain Wheat/Eleusine replication-associated protein RepB (C2) gene, parti
• U20893 Em(43)_vi:Ms20893 Gb(89)_vi:Msu20893 Maize streak virus movement protein (V1) gene, partial cds. 3/95 303bp.
• U20904 Em(43)_vi:Ms20904 Gb(89)_vi:Msu20904 Maize streak virus replication-associated protein RepB (C2) gene, partial cds. 5/95 227bp.
• U20905 Em(43)_vi:Ms20905 Gb(89)_vi:Msu20905 Maize streak virus strain Tas replication-associated protein RepB (C2) gene, partial cds. 5/9
• X71953 Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcpa Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcpa Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone Y852). 11/94 992bp.
• X71954 Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcpb Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcpb Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone N64). 11/94 990bp.
• X71955 Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcpc Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcpc Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone Y511). 11/94 990bp.
• X71956 Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcpd Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcpd Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone N58). 11/94 992bp.
• X71957 Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcpe Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcpe Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone Y861). 11/94 990bp.
• X71958 Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcpf Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcpf Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone Y831). 11/94 991bp.
• X71959 Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcpg Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcpg Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone N74). 11/94 991bp.
• X71960 Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcph Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcph Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone Y845). 11/94 917bp.
• X71961 Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcpi Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcpi Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone Y946). 11/94 992bp.
• X71962 Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcpj Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcpj Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone Y9614). 11/94 992bp.
• X71963 Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcpk Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcpk Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone Y803). 11/94 990bp.
• X71964 Em(43)_vi:Gemsvcpl Gb(89)_vi:Gemsvcpl Maize streak virus V2 gene for coat protein (clone O154). 11/94 992bp.

Features of the genome

Features of the genome: promoters, stem loops and ORF information see Mullineaux et al. (1984).

Sub-genomic mRNA found in infected cells (Morris-Krsinich et al., 1985).

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 26900; coat protein.

Virus-coded non-virion proteins identified by genomic sequence analysis (Mullineaux et al. (1984)); one protein found. M_r 10900.

Replication

Genome replicates in nuclei. Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves, mesophyll, epidermis, meristem, vascular parenchyma, companion cells and all parts of the host plant; in cytoplasm, in nuclei, and in cell vacuoles. Inclusions present in infected cells; are crystals in the nucleus and viroplasms; they contain virions. Other cellular changes: changes in chloroplasts and other organelles destroyed.

Taxonomy and relationships

monogeminivirus: Geminiviridae (type species)

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

African cassava mosaic and chloris striate mosaic viruses.

Best tests for diagnosis

Use Cicadulina mbila to transmit to Zea mays cv. Golden Bantam.

Comments and References

References

• Bock, K. (1974). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 133, 4 pp.
• Bock, K.R., Guthrie, E.J. and Woods, R.D. (1974). Ann. appl. Biol. 77: 289.
• Boulton, M.I., King, D.I., Donson, J. and Davies, J.W. (1991). Virology 183: 114.
• Damsteegt, V.D. (1983). Plant Dis. 67: 734.
• Fuller, C. (1901). In: 1st Rep. Gov. Entomologist, Natal, pp. 17-18.
• Gorter, G.J.M.A. (1953). Union S. Afr. Sci. Bull.
• Howarth, A.J. and Vandemark, G.J. (1989). J. gen. Virol. 70: 2717.
• Howell, S.H. (1984). Nucl. Acids Res. 12:
• Lazarowitz, S.G. (1988). Nucl. Acids Res. 16: 229.
• Mullineaux, P.M., Donson, J., Morris-Krsinich, B.A.M., Boulton, M. and Davies, J.W. (1984). EMBO J. 3: 3063.
• Pinner, M.S., Markham, P.G., Markham, R.H. and Dekker, E.L. (1988). Pl. Path. 37: 74.
• Rose, D.J.W. (1973a). Bull. ent. Res. 62: 477.
• Rose, D.J.W. (1973b). Bull. ent. Res. 62: 497.
• Rose, D.J.W. (1974). Ann. appl. Biol. 76: 199.
• Rose, D.J.W. (1978). Ann. Rev. Ent. 23: 259.
• Seth, M.L., Raychaudhuri, S.P. and Singh, D.V. (1972a). Curr. Sci. 41: 684.
• Seth, M.L., Raychaudhuri, S.P. and Singh, D.V. (1972b). Pl. Dis. Reptr 56: 424.
• Storey, H.H. (1924). Nature, Lond. 114; 245.
• Storey, H.H. (1925). Science Bull. 39: 30 pp.
• Storey, H.H. and McClean, A.P.D. (1930). Ann. appl. Biol. 17: 691.
• Von Wechmar, M.B. and Milne, R.G. (1983). Phytopathology 72: 164.

Illustrations

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.