Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Maize rayado fino marafivirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by A.A. Brunt and R. Gamez, 1988.

Nomenclature

Acronym

MRFV

Strains

Maize rayado Colombian strain (Martinez-Lopez, 1977), Brazilian corn streak strain (Gámez, 1980).

ICTV decimal code

41.0.1.0.003

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

• Zea mays ssp. mays (maize), Zea mays ssp. mexicana (teosinte) - chlorotic vein stippling and striping especially in new cultivars.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Dalbulus maidis; Cicadellidae. Transmitted in a persistent manner. Virus retained when the vector moults; multiplies in the vector; not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Gamez (1973, 1983); Gamez and Leon (1985, 1988); Gamez and Saavedra (1986).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru, Venezuela, and the USA (in the south).

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Zea mays - chlorotic spotting of base and veins of young leaves, then chlorotic striping. Root development poor, yield decreased.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Zea mays (Tico H1 and Tico H4).

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Zea mays (W). For insect transmission studies.

Susceptible host species

• Zea mays
• Zea mays ssp. mays
• Zea mays ssp. mexicana

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Gramineae (3/3)

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: , determined by feeding vectors in sap through membranes, 60-65 °C. LIV: 3-4 days (at 20ºC; 4 to 5 days at 3ºC). Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Gamez et al. (1977); Leon and Gamez (1981).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 30-33 nm in diameter; rounded in profile; with a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

Two sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient of the fastest 120 S (B); of the other(s) 54 S (T). Density 1.28 g cm^-3 in CsCl (T), or 1.46 g cm^-3 in CsCl (B). Density 1.24 (T), 1.37 (B) in Cs₂ SO₄. A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 0.87 (T), or 1.58 (B).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 33 % nucleic acid; 67 % protein.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded. Total genome size 6.7 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 6.7 kb.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 22000; coat protein; in virions of some isolates there is a small amount of a 28kDa protein. Method of preparation: Gamez and Leon (1988).

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves, mesophyll, epidermis, vascular parenchyma and phloem; in cytoplasm and in cell vacuoles (in loose aggregates); occasionally in sieve tubes in loose aggregates or large crystalline arrays within the membrane bound vesicles.

Taxonomy and relationships

Marafivirus (the type species)

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Bermuda grass etched line and oat blue dwarf viruses.

Best tests for diagnosis

This virus is frequently in mixed infections with MLOs and spiroplasms; these infections induce the corn stunt disease.

Comments and References

References

• Ancalmo, O. and Davies, W.C. (1961). Pl. Dis. Reptr 45: 281.
• Espinoza, A.M. and Gamez, R. (1980). Turrialba 30: 413.
• Falk, B.W. and Tsai, J.H. (1986). Intervirology 25: 111.
• Gamez, R. (1969). Pl. Dis. Reptr 53: 929.
• Gamez, R. (1973). Ann. appl. Biol. 73: 285.
• Gamez, R. (1980). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 220, 4 pp.
• Gamez, R. (1983). In: Plant Virus Epidemiology, p. 267; eds R.T. Plumb and J.M. Thresh. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, England.
• Gamez, R. and Leon, P. (1985). In: Leafhoppers and Planthoppers, p. 331; eds L.R. Nault and Rodriguez. J. Wiley and Sons Inc., New York,.
• Gamez, R. and Saavedra, R. (1986). In: Plant Virus Epidemics, p. 315; eds G. Maclean, R. Garrett and W. Ruesnik. Academic Press, Melbourne.
• Gamez, R., Kosuka, Y. and Fukuoka, T. (1977). Rev. Biol. Trop. 25: 151.
• Gamez, R., Kitajima, E.W. and Lin, M.T. (1979). Pl. Dis. Reptr 63: 830.
• Gamez, R. and Leon, P. (1986). In: The Plant Viruses, Vol. 3, Polyhedral Virions with Monopartite RNA Genomes, p. 213; ed. R. Koenig. Plenum Press, New York.
• Gingery, R.E., Gordon, D.T. and Nault, L.R. (1982). Phytopathology 72: 1313.
• Kitajima, E.W. and Gamez, R. (1977). Turrialba 27: 71.
• Kitajima, E.W., Yano, T. and Costa, A.S. (1976). Cienc. Cult., S. Paulo 28: 427.
• Lastra, R. and de Uscategui, R.C. (1980). Turrialba 30: 405.
• Leon, P. and Gamez, R. (1986). Rev. Biol. Trop. 34: 111.
• Martinez-Lopez, G. (1977). Proc. int. Maize Viruses Diseases Coloq. Wksh., p. 20. Ohio Agric. Res. Dev. Center.
• Ramirez, P. and Leon, P. (1988). J. gen. Virol. 69: 757.
• Rivera, C. and Gamez, R. (1986). Intervirology 25: 76.
• Tsai, J.H. (1986). Intervirology 25: 111.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.