Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Maize chlorotic mottle machlomovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by A.A. Brunt and D.T. Gordon, 1987. Revised 1991 by A.A. Brunt.

Nomenclature

Acronym

MCMV

Strains

Kansas serotypes 1 and 2, Peru serotype.

ICTV decimal code

40.0.1.0.001

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

• Zea mays - systemic chlorotic leaf mottling; in mixtures with any of several potyviruses also causes necrosis, stunting and death.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Diabrotica spp. and thrips; Coleoptera, or Thysanoptera. Transmitted in a non-persistent manner. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by seed (detected in 17 of 42000 seedlings from 25 seed lots).

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Nault et al. (1978).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Argentina, Mexico, Peru, and the USA (Kansas, Nebraska and Hawaii).

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Zea mays - systemic chlorotic leaf mottling.
• Triticum aestivum - systemic chlorotic leaf spotting and mottling.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Sorghum bicolor.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Maize hybrids H84, N28 HT, N.28 and Oh 28, maize hybrid PM 205, Zea mays cv. Aristogold Bantam Evergreen; see Uyemoto et al. (1980).

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Maize hybrids H84, N28 HT, N.28 and Oh 28 (W), maize hybrid PM 205 (W), Zea mays cv. Aristogold Bantam Evergreen (W).

Susceptible host species

• Bromus inermis
• Bromus mollis
• Bromus racemosus
• Bromus secalinus
• Bromus tectorum
• Hordeum vulgare
• Panicum capillare
• Panicum dichotomiflorum
• Panicum maximum
• Panicum miliaceum
• Triticum aestivum
• Zea mays

Insusceptible host species

• Sorghum bicolor

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Gramineae (12/13)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Gramineae (1/13)

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 80-85 °C (in maize sap). LIV: 12-33 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 6-8. Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

R.E. Gingery in Gordon et al. (1984); virions are stabilized by divalent cations.

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; c. 30 nm in diameter (in PTA-K, but 33 nm in UA); angular in profile; without a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 109 S. Density 1.365 g cm^-3 in CsCl.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 18 % nucleic acid; 82 % protein.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 4.4 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 4.4 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Lommel et al. (1991). Base composition 22-25 % G; 24-26 % A; 15-16 % C; 34-37 % U. 5´ terminus of RNA has a methylated nucleotide cap. Poly A region absent.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• X14736 Em(44)_vi:Mcmvxx Gb(90)_vi:Mcmvxx Maize chlorotic mottle virus genomic RNA. 9/93 4,437bp.

Features of the genome

Features of the genome: the genome has four ORFs encoding proteins of 32 kDa, 50 kDa (possibly the polymerase), 9kDa and 25.1 kDa (coat protein).

Non-genomic nucleic acid found in the virions; is subgenomic mRNA (encodes coat protein). 2 virus specified dsRNA species found in infected cells. Size of largest virus specified dsRNA 4.4 kbp (pairs); 2nd largest 1.1 kbp (pairs).

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 25100 (238 amino acid residues); coat protein.

Taxonomy and relationships

Machlomovirus (a monotypic genus)

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Brome mosaic, cocksfoot mild mottle, cocksfoot mottle, cynosurus mottle, holcus transitory mottle, maize chlorotic dwarf, maize rayado fino, maize streak, maize stripe, maize white line, molinia streak, panicum mosaic, phleum mottle, rice yellow mottle and sowbane mosaic viruses.

Additional comments on relationships

The virus resembles carnation mottle and turnip crinkle carmoviruses in the amino acid sequence of some of its proteins, in its genome organisation and gene expression strategy, but has an additional ORF and lacks a second sub-genomic RNA.

Comments and References

References

• Goldberg, K.B. and Brakke, M.K. (1987). Phytopath. 77: 162.
• Gordon, D.T., Bradfute, O.E., Gingery, R.E., Nault, L.R. and Uyemoto, J.K. (1984). AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 284, 5 pp.
• Hebert, T.T. and Castillo (1973). Abstr. 2nd Int. Congr. Pl. Path., Minneapolis, No. 72.
• Jaing, X.Q., Wilkinson, D.R. and Berry, J.A. (1990). Phytopath. 80: 1060.
• Jensen, S.G., Wysong, D.S., Ball, E.M. and Higley, P.M. (1991). Plant Dis. 75: 497.
• Lommel, S.A., Kendall, T.L., Siu, N.F. and Nutter, R.C. (1991). Phytopathology 81: 819.
• Lommel, S.A., Kendall, T.L., Xiong, Z. and Nutter, R.C. (1991). Virology 181: 382.
• Nault, L.R., Styer, W.E., Coffey, M.E., Gordon, D.T., Negi, L.S. and Niblett, C.L. (1978). Phytopathology 68: 1071.
• Nutter, R.C., Sheeks, K., Panganiban, L.C. and Lommel, S.A. (1989). Nucleic Acids Res. 17: 3163.
• Uyemoto, J.K., Bockelman, D.L. and Claflin, L.E. (1980). Plant Dis. 64: 99.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.