Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Maize chlorotic dwarf waikavirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by R.E. Gingery, 1984.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

Ohio corn stunt agent.

Acronym

MCDV

ICTV decimal code

65.0.2.0.003

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Sorghum halepense - mild vein clearing.
• Zea mays - stunting, reddening and yellowing, tertiary vein banding.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Graminella nigrifrons most important, but also Graminella sonora and Exitianus exitiosus; Cicadellidae. Transmitted in a semi-persistent manner. Virus lost by the vector when it moults; does not multiply in the vector; not transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; not transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed; not transmitted by pollen.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the USA (the south).

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Digitaria sanguinalis, Panicum miliaceum, Pennisetum glaucum, Sorghum vulgare var. sudanense - symptoms mild or absent.
• Setaria faberi, S. lutescens.
• Sorghum bicolor, S. halepense - mild vein clearing.
• Triticum aestivum - symptomless.
• Zea mays - stunting, yellowing and reddening, tertiary vein banding.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Avena sativa, Hordeum vulgare, Oryza sativa, Saccharum officinarum, Secale cereale.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Zea mays.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Zea mays (W).

Susceptible host species

• Digitaria sanguinalis
• Panicum miliaceum
• Pennisetum glaucum
• Setaria faberi
• Setaria halepense
• Setaria lutescens
• Sorghum bicolor
• Sorghum halepense
• Sorghum vulgare var. sudanense
• Triticum aestivum
• Zea mays

Insusceptible host species

• Avena sativa
• Cynodon dactylon
• Dactylis glomerata
• Elytrigia repens
• Eragrostis cilianensis
• Hordeum vulgare
• Lolium perenne
• Oryza sativa
• Paspalum dilatatum
• Phleum pratense
• Saccharum officinarum
• Secale cereale
• Stenotaphrum secundatum
• Triticum aestivum

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Gramineae (11/24)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Gramineae (14/24)

Sources of host-range data

Nault et al. (1976).

Purification method

Louie et al. (1974); Gingery (1976).

Physical and biochemical properties

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 30 nm in diameter; angular in profile; with a conspicuous capsomere arrangement.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 183 S (» 6 S). Density 1.507 g cm^-3 in CsCl (unfixed).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 36 % nucleic acid; 64 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 10.67 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 10.67 kb. Genomic nucleic acid isolated by Gingery (1976). Base composition 24 % G; 30 % A; 17 % C; 29 % U.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) two; M_r of the larger 30000; coat protein. M_r of 2nd largest 18000.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves and phloem but less frequently in bundle sheath cells; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are viroplasms and unusual in shape; striated sheets and dense granular bodies; they contain virions (only in the dense granular inclusions). Other cellular changes: numerous cytoplasmic vesicles.

Taxonomy and relationships

Waikavirus: Sequiviridae

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Rice tungro waikavirus.

Comments and References

References

• Bradfute, O.E., Gingery, R.E., Gordon, D.T. and Nault, L.R. (1972). J. Cell Biol. 55: 25a.
• Derrick, K.S. and Brlansky, R.H. (1976). Phytopathology 66: 815.
• Ge, X., Gordon, D.T. and Gingery, R.E. (1989). Phytopathology 79: 1157.
• Ge, X., Gordon, D.T. and Gingery, R.E. (1989). Phytopathology 79: 1195.
• Gingery, R.E. (1976). Virology 73: 311.
• Gingery, R.E. (1988). In: The Plant Viruses, Vol.3, pp.259-272; Ed. R. Koenig. Plenum Press, New York.
• Gingery, R.E. (1989). Phytopathology 79: 1157.
• Gingery, R.E., Bradfute, D.E., Gordon, D.T. and Nault, L.R. (1978). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 194, 4 pp.
• Gingery, R.E., Gordon, D.T., Nault, L.R. and Bradfute, O.E. (1981). In: Handbook of Plant Virus Infections and Comparative Diagnosis, p. 19; ed. E. Kurstak. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press.
• Gordon, D.T. and Nault, L.R. (1977). Phytopathology 67: 27.
• Hunt, R.E., Nault, L.R. and Gingery, R.E. (1988). Phytopathology 78: 498.
• Maroon, C.M., Gordon, D.T. and Ginger, R.E. (1989). Phytopathology 79: 1157.
• Louie, R., Knoke, J.K. and Gordon, D.T. (1974). Phytopathology 64: 1455.
• Nault, L.R., Gordon, D.T., Robertson, D.C. and Bradfute, D.E. (1976). Pl. Dis. Reptr 60: 374.
• Nault, L.R., Styer, W.E., Knoke, J.K. and Pitre, H.N. (1973). J. Econ. Ent. 66: 1271.
• Pirone, T.P., Bradfute, O.E., Freytag, P.H., Lung, M.C.Y. and Poneleit, G.G. (1972). Pl. Dis. Reptr 56: 652.
• Reeves, J.T., Jackson, A.O., Paschke, J.D. and Lister, R.M. (1978). Pl. Dis. Reptr 62: 667.

Illustrations

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.