Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Lettuce necrotic yellows cytorhabdovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by J.W. Randles, 1980. Revised 1987.

Nomenclature

Acronym

LNYV

Strains

severe (SE 3) and mild strains reported.

ICTV decimal code

62.0.4.0.005

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist, or disappear soon after infection (symptomless).
• Lactuca sativa - leaves first dull green, then chlorotic, outer leaves flaccid, bronzed and sometimes necrotic; plants stunted, and late infected plants have heads with internal necrosis.
• Sonchus oleraceus, S. hydrophilus, Reichardia tingitana, Embergeria megalocarpa - symptomless.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Hyperomyzus lactucae; Aphididae. Transmitted in a persistent manner. Virus retained when the vector moults; multiplies in the vector; transmitted congenitally to the progeny of the vector; transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by seed.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Randles (1983).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Australia. Found, but with no evidence of spread, in New Zealand.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Lactuca sativa - systemic yellowing, leaf malformation.
• Datura stramonium - faint systemic interveinal chlorosis.
• Nicotiana glutinosa - chlorotic local lesions; systemic yellowing, rugosity, leaf malformation.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Lactuca sativa, Nicotiana glutinosa.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Nicotiana glutinosa.

Susceptible host species

• Datura stramonium
• Embergeria megalocarpa
• Gomphrena globosa
• Lactuca sativa
• Lycopersicon esculentum
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana glutinosa × N. clevelandii
• Petunia × hybrida
• Reichardia tingitana
• Sonchus hydrophilus
• Sonchus oleraceus
• Spinacia oleracea

Insusceptible host species

• Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Trifolium subterraneum
• Vicia faba
• Vigna unguiculata
• Zinnia elegans

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (1/1)
• Compositae (5/6)
• Solanaceae (6/7)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Compositae (1/6)
• Cruciferae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (3/3)
• Solanaceae (1/7)

Sources of host-range data

Stubbs et al. (1963).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 52 °C. LIV: 0.3-1 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 2. Infectivity of sap decreased by treatment with di-ethyl ether. Leaf sap contains few virions, or contains many virions. Electron microscopy: aldehyde fixation necessary.

Purification method

McLean and Francki (1967).

Particle morphology

Virions rhabdo- or bullet-shaped; enveloped; with a clear modal length; of 227 nm (in negative stain), or 360 nm (in tissue sections); 52 nm wide (in tissue sections), or 66 nm wide (in negative stain). Axial canal obvious. Basic helix obscure; pitch of basic helix 4.5 nm.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 940 S. Density 1.19-1.2 g cm^-3 in sucrose. Density in Nycodenz, c. 1.135 g cm^-3.

Biochemical properties

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded. Total genome size 12.54 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 12.54 kb. Infectivity lost when deproteinised with phenol or detergent.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• L24364 Em(40)_vi:LYLRNAA Gb(84)_vi:LYLRNAA Lettuce necrotic yellows virus RNA, 3´ UTR. 5/94 84bp.
• L24365 Em(40)_vi:LYLRNAB Gb(84)_vi:LYLRNAB Lettuce necrotic yellows virus RNA, 5´ UTR. 6/94 187bp.
• L30103 Em(43)_vi:Rhwnupr Gb(89)_vi:Rhwnupr Lettuce necrotic yellows virus nucleocapsid gene, complete cds. 1/95 1,533bp.

Features of the genome

Sub-genomic mRNA found in infected cells (Randles et al., 1972)).

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) five (Laemmli, 1970); M_r of the largest 180000-190000; L protein. M_r of 2nd largest 76000; G protein. M_r of 3rd largest 54000; N protein. M_r of 4th largest 38000; NS protein. M_r of 5th largest 19000; M protein. Method of preparation: Francki et al. (1975). Virion proteins glycosylated; are G protein.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in mesophyll, epidermis, xylem, phloem and hair cells; in cytoplasm. Inclusions present in infected cells; are membranous bodies; they contain virions.

Taxonomy and relationships

Cytorhabdovirus: Rhabdoviridae

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Sowthistle yellow vein virus.

Comments and References

References

• Chu, P.W.G. and Francki, R.I.B. (1982). Ann appl. Biol. 100: 149.
• Crowley, N.C., Harrison, B.D. and Francki, R.I.B. (1965). Virology 26: 290.
• Dale, J.L. and Peters, D. (1981). Intervirology 16: 86.
• Francki, R.I.B. and Randles, J.W. (1970). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 26, 4 pp.
• Francki, R.I.B. and Randles, J.W. (1975). In: Negative stranded viruses, p. 223. Academic Press.
• Francki, R.I.B., Randles, J.W. and Dietzgen, R.G. (1989). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 343, 5 pp.
• McLean, G.D. and Francki, R.I.B. (1967). Virology 31: 585.
• Randles, J.W. (1983). In: Current Topics in Vector Research, Vol. 1, p. 169; ed. K.F. Harris. Praeger Scientific, New York.
• Randles, J.W. and Coleman, D.F. (1972). Physiol. Pl. Path. 2: 247.
• Stubbs, L.L. and Grogan, R.G. (1963). Aust. J. agric. Res. 14: 439.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.