Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Iris severe mosaic potyvirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by C.J. Asjes, 1986; J. Hammond, 1987.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

bearded iris mosaic virus (Brunt et al., 1988), iris grijs virus, iris stripe virus, iris yellow mosaic virus.

Acronym

ISMV

Strains

type strain, avirulent strain, virulent strain (Barnett et al., 1986).

ICTV decimal code

57.0.1.0.034

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist and vary cyclically over a few weeks.
• Crocus vernus - leaf mosaic; striping of flowers, if not white or yellow.
• Belamcanda chinensis - severe chlorosis.
• Iris spp. - leaf striping, stunting, flower breaking. Plants die prematurely.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Myzus persicae, but not by Myzus pelargonii, M. circumflexum or Anuraphis tulipae and Rhopalosiphum tulipaella (Brierley and McWhorter, 1934; Brierley and Smith, 1948; Travis, 1957; Barnett et al., 1971; Asjes, 1979); Aphididae. Transmitted in a non-persistent manner. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; not transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Deutsch and Loebenstein (1967); the spread of the virus in bulbous iris can be partially controlled by spraying crops with mineral oils or pyrethroid and perimicarb insecticides (Asjes, 1985).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Australia, the former Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, the UK, and the USA (and probably wherever bulbous and rhizomatous irises and crocus are grown).

Experimental host range

Few (<3) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Belamcanda chinensis, Iris × hollandica. No herbaceous hosts.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Chenopodium quinoa, C. foetidum, Freesia refracta cv. Imperial, Nicotiana clevelandii.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Crocus vernus, Iris sp.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

none.

Susceptible host species

• Belamcanda chinensis
• Crocus vernus (cv. King of the Blues)
• Iris
• Iris × hollandica

Insusceptible host species

• Chenopodium foetidum
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Freesia refracta (cv. Imperial)
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana debneyi
• Nicotiana megalosiphon
• Nicotiana tabacum

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Iridaceae (4/5)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (2/2)
• Iridaceae (1/5)
• Solanaceae (4/4)

Sources of host-range data

Derks et al. (1985), Hammond et al. (1985).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 50 °C. LIV: 1-2 days (Barnett et al., 1971). DEP: log₁₀ minus 3. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Asjes (1979). Homogenize in phosphate buffer, 6.7mM; pH 7.2; (w/v = 1/1) containing 0.1% thioglycollic acid, or in 0.2 M boric acid plus 0.05 M sodium borate pH 7.2; (w/v = 1/1). Extract can be frozen (-20ºC) or not before the mixing with n-butanol/chloroform (w/v = 1/1; 30 minutes). The aqueous phase is differentially centrifuged and the pellet resuspended in phosphate or borate buffer.

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; usually flexuous; with a clear modal length; of 750 nm; 12 nm wide. Axial canal obvious.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 150 S (Barnett et al., 1986).

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 5 % nucleic acid; 95 % protein.

NCBI sequence data (Entrez search)

Sequence database accession code(s)

• X75939 Em(40)_vi:ISMVCP Gb(84)_vi:ISMVCP Iris severe mosaic potyvirus gene for coat protein. 12/93 2,510bp. 1 sequence.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 33000. Method of preparation: Alper et al. (1985); Hammond and Lawson (1984).

Virus-coded non-virion proteins isolated (Alper et al. (1984); Hammond and Lawson (1985)); one protein found. M_r 71000.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in leaves and petals; scattered throughout in cytoplasm (or sometimes in membrane-enclosed masses). Inclusions present in infected cells; are pinwheels and unusual in shape; bundles and laminated aggregates (Barnett et al., 1971; Lisa, 1980); they do not contain virions.

Taxonomy and relationships

Potyvirus: Potyviridae

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Iris mild mosaic, iris fulva mosaic, bean yellow mosaic, turnip mosaic, freesia mosaic and four other viruses (Barnett et al., 1971; Brunt, 1975).

Best tests for diagnosis

Rhizomatous irises infected with iris severe mosaic virus in Britain also contain cucumber mosaic virus (Brunt, 1968; Barnett et al., 1971) or, rarely, broad bean wilt virus (Bailiss et al., 1975). Tobacco ringspot virus also occurs occasionally in rhizomatous iris in the U.S.A. and Britain (Travis, 1957; Travis and Brierley, 1957; Brunt, 1972) and in bulbous iris in the Netherlands (Asjes, 1979). These five viruses may be distinguished from iris severe mosaic virus (ISMV) by their isometric or rod-shaped virions, their host ranges or by serological tests. ISMV and three other potyviruses are known to infect bulbous and rhizomatous irises (Brunt and Phillips, 1980; Inouye and Mitsuhata, 1978); these three (bean yellow mosaic, iris mild mosaic and turnip mosaic viruses) are all readily sap-transmitted to dicotyledonous test plants; moreover, and are serologically distinct from ISMV. Two other viruses with filamentous virions, narcissus latent carlavirus (Brunt, 1977; Asjes, 1979) and lilac chlorotic leafspot closterovirus (Lisa, 1980), also infect irises but are readily distinguished from ISMV.

Comments and References

References

• Ainsworth, G.C. (1936). Rep. exp. Res. Stn Cheshunt 1936, p. 62.
• Alper, M., Salomon, R. and Loebenstein, G. (1984). Phytopathology 74: 960.
• Anon. (1961). Tuinbouwgids, p. 468.
• Asjes, C.J. (1979). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 85: 269.
• Atanasoff, D. (1928). Izv. bul. bot. Druzh. 2: 51.
• Bailiss, K.W., Brunt, A.A. and Dale, J. (1975). Pl. Path. 24: 60.
• Barnett, O.W. and Brunt, A.A. (1975). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 147, 4 pp.
• Barnett, O.W., de Zoeten, G.A. and Gaard, G. (1971). Phytopathology 61: 926.
• Brierley, P. and McWhorter, F.P. (1934). Phytopathology 2: 24.
• Brierley, P. and McWhorter, F.P. (1936). J. agric. Res. 53: 621.
• Brierley, P. and Smith, F.E. (1948). Phytopathology 38: 574.
• Brunt, A.A. (1975). Acta Hort. 47: 45.
• Brunt, A.A. (1977). Ann appl. Biol. 87: 355.
• Brunt, A.A. and Phillips, S. (1980). Acta Hort. 109: 503.
• Brunt, A.A., Derks, A.F.L.M. and Barnett, O.W. (1988). AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 338, 4 pp.
• Carne (1927). J. Proc. R. Soc. West Aust. 14: 23.
• Derks, A.F.L.N. and Hollinger, T.C. (1986). Acta Hort. 177:
• Derks, A.F.L.N., Hollinger, T.C. and Vink-van den Abeele, J.L. (1985). Acta Hort. 164: 309.
• Deutsch, M. and Loebenstein, G. (1967). Pl. Dis. Reptr 51: 318.
• Fukushi, T. (1932). Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 12: 130.
• Griffiths (1928). US Dep. Agric. Circ. 25: 16.
• Hammond, J. and Lawson, R.H. (1985). Acta Hort. 164: 225.
• Hammond, J., Brunt, A.A., Derks, A.F.L.N., Inouye, T., Barnett, O.W., Allen, T.C. and Lawson, R.H. (1985). Acta Hort. 164: 395.
• Hammond, J., Lawson, R.H. and Hsu, T. (1985). Phytopathology 75: 1353.
• Hsu, H.T., Franssen, J.M., Hammond, J., Dercks, A.F.L.N. and Lawson, R.H. Phytopathology (1986). 76: 1132.
• Ingelström (1938). Växts kyddnotiser Vaxtkyddanst. Stockh. 2: 22.
• Inouye, T. and Mitsuhata, K. (1978). Nogaku Kenkyu 57: 1.
• Lisa, V. (1980). Acta Hort. 110: 39.
• Loebenstein, G. and Alper, M. (1963). Phytopathology 53: 349.
• Neergaard (1939). Rep. Phytopath. Lab. 1938-39, p. 16.
• Travis, R.V. (1957). Phytopathology 47: 454.
• Travis, R.V. and Brierley, P. (1957). Pl. Dis. Reptr 41: 524.
• Van Slogteren, D.H.M. (1958). Jversl. Lab. Bloemboll. Lisse, 1957, p. 67.
• Van Slogteren, D.H.M. (1963). Jversl. Lab. Bloemboll. Lisse, 1963, p. 80.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.