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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Hypochoeris mosaic (?) furovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by R. Stace-Smith, 1987.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

cat's ear yellow spot virus (Schmidt, 1977; Brunt and Stace-Smith, 1983).

Acronym

HyMV

ICTV decimal code

27.0.1.T.010

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms vary seasonally (and they are absent or less conspicuous at higher temperatures (20-25ºC and above)).
• Hypochoeris radiata - faint leaf chlorosis.
• Leontodon autumnalis - chlorotic spots in young leaves.

Transmission

Transmitted by means not involving a vector. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation.

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Australia, Canada, and Germany (possibly).

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa - chlorotic local lesions and veinal necrosis, then systemic chlorosis.
• Chenopodium murale - necrotic local lesions.
• Montia perfoliata, isolate from western Canada - systemic severe chlorosis.
• Nicotiana clevelandii - local grey necrotic lesions or oakleaf pattern, followed by veinal necrosis and death, systemic faint chlorosis in abnormally small leaves and severe stunting.
• Tetragonia tetragonioides - few local chlorotic lesions.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Nicotiana clevelandii.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium amaranticolor (L), Chenopodium quinoa (L).

Susceptible host species

• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cucumis sativus
• Gomphrena globosa
• Hypochoeris radiata
• Leontodon autumnalis
• Montia perfoliata
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Tetragonia tetragonioides

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Chenopodiaceae (3/3)
• Compositae (2/2)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/1)
• Portulacaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (1/1)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)

Sources of host-range data

Brunt and Stace-Smith (1978a); Singh and McDonald (1980); Greber and Finlay (1981).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 45-50 °C. LIV: 1-2 days. DEP: log₁₀ minus 2-3.

Purification method

Brunt and Stace-Smith (1978a).

Particle morphology

Virions rod-shaped; not enveloped; usually straight; with a clear modal length; of 220-240 nm (and 120-140 nm); 22 nm wide. Axial canal obvious. Basic helix obvious.

Physical properties

Six sedimenting components in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient of the fastest 173 S; of the other(s) 15, 45, 71, 114, and 143 S.

Biochemical properties

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear.

Features of proteins

M_r 24500; coat protein.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in mesophyll; in cytoplasm. Inclusions cytoplasmic present in infected cells; are membranous bodies and unusual in shape; crystals; occasionally they contain virions (within the crystals, but more frequently adjacent to the enclosing membrane (Brunt and Stace-Smith, 1978b)).

Taxonomy and relationships

Possible Furovirus

Differences between type strain and others

An isolate from Australia, unlike the type isolate, infects Cucumis sativus in which it induces chlorotic local lesions followed by systemic chlorotic mottling and leaf malformation. An isolate from eastern Canada differs from the type isolate in infecting Gomphrena globosa to cause chlorotic local lesions and veinal necrosis, then systemic chlorotic mottling and leaf malformation.

Additional comments on relationships

Hypochoeris mosaic virus has virions of similar morphology, size and properties to those of broad bean necrosis (Inouye and Asatani, 1968), beet necrotic yellow vein (Tamada and Baba, 1973), Nicotiana velutina mosaic (Randles et al., 1976), peanut clump (Thouvenel et al., 1976), potato mop-top (Harrison and Jones, 1970) and wheat soil-borne mosaic viruses (Brakke et al., 1965), and to those of defective strains of tobacco mosaic virus (Kassanis and Woods, 1969). It also resembles some of those viruses in the intracellular location and appearance of its virions (Brunt and Stace-Smith, 1978b). Although hypochoeris mosaic virus is apparently serologically distinct, its similarities to these labile viruses suggests that it too may be a furovirus. It may also, like these viruses, be transmitted by a root-infecting fungus, but such transmission tests have not yet been reported.

Comments and References

References

• Brakke, M.K., Estes, A.P. and Schuster, M.L. (1965). Phytopathology 55: 79.
• Brunt, A.A. and Stace-Smith, R. (1978a). Ann. appl. Biol. 90: 205.
• Brunt, A.A. and Stace-Smith, R. (1978b). J. gen. Virol. 39: 63.
• Brunt, A.A. and Stace-Smith, R. (1983). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 273, 4 pp.
• Greber, R.S. and Finlay, J.R. (1981). Australas. Pl. Path. 10: 30.
• Harrison, B.D. and Jones, R.A.C. (1970). Ann. appl. Biol. 65: 393.
• Inouye, T. and Asatani, M. (1968). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 34: 317.
• Kassanis, B. and Woods, R.D. (1969). Ann. appl. Biol. 64: 213.
• Randles, J.W., Harrison, B.D. and Roberts, I.M. (1976). Ann. appl. Biol. 84: 193.
• Schmidt, H.E. (1977). In: Pflanzliche Virologie, Vol. 4, p. 517; eds K. Schmelzer and D. Spaar. Berlin, Akademie-Verlag.
• Singh, R.P. and McDonald, J.G. (1980). Canad. Pl. Dis. Surv. 60: 4.
• Tamada, T. and Baba, T. (1973). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 39: 325.
• Thouvenel, J.-C., Dollet, M. and Fauquet, C. (1976). Ann. appl. Biol. 84: 311.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.