Plant Viruses Online   

Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Honeysuckle latent carlavirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by F.A. van der Meer, 1987. Revised by A.A. Brunt, 1991.

Nomenclature

Synonyms

lonicera latent virus (Brunt et al., 1980; Brunt and van der Meer, 1984; Van der Meer et al., 1980).

Acronym

HnLV

ICTV decimal code

14.0.1.0.012

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

• Lonicera americana, L. brownii cvs Dropmore Scarlet, Fuchsioides and Punica, L. caprifolium, L. heckottii cv. Goldflame, L. henryi, L. japonica cvs Halliana and Reticulata, L. periclymenum cvs Belgica, Belgica Elect and Seotina, L. telmanniana - symptomless.

Transmission

Transmitted by a vector; an insect; Hydaphis foeniculi; Aphididae. Not transmitted by Myzus persicae. Transmitted in a non-persistent manner. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation (but not between plants of Lonicera species); transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants; not transmitted by seed.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Brunt et al. (1980) and Van der Meer et al. (1985) showed that honeysuckle plants free of honeysuckle latent virus can be obtained by rooting small shoots (c. 1 cm long) from infected plants which have been grown for 6-8 weeks at alternating temperatures of 16 hours at 37ºC and 8 hours at 26ºC (Brunt et al., 1980). Ecological studies by Van der Meer et al. (1980); (1984).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in the Netherlands and the UK.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible. Experimentally infected plants mostly show local chlorotic lesions.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Nicotiana megalosiphon, N. occidentalis - local lesions and systemic mosaic.
• Nicotiana clevelandii - faint local lesions and systemic vein chlorosis.
• Nicotiana glutinosa - chlorotic local lesions.
• Gomphrena globosa - red local lesions.
• Chenopodium quinoa - local lesions then systemic mosaic.

Diagnostically insusceptible host species

Nicotiana tabacum cv. White Burley, N. rustica, Vigna unguiculata, Phaseolus vulgaris.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Nicotiana clevelandii, N. megalosiphon, N. occidentalis.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Chenopodium murale (L), Nicotiana megalosiphon (L and W), N. occidentalis (L and W).

Susceptible host species

• Chenopodium amaranticolor
• Chenopodium murale
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cucumis sativus
• Gomphrena globosa
• Lonicera americana
• Lonicera brownii (cvs Dropmore Scarlet, Fuchsioides, Punica)
• Lonicera caprifolium
• Lonicera heckottii (cv. Goldflame)
• Lonicera henryi
• Lonicera japonica
• Lonicera periclymenum
• Lonicera telmanniana
• Nicotiana clevelandii
• Nicotiana glutinosa
• Nicotiana megalosiphon
• Nicotiana occidentalis
• Petunia × hybrida

Insusceptible host species

• Beta macrocarpa
• Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis
• Calendula officinalis
• Nicotiana rustica
• Nicotiana tabacum
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Solanum demissum
• Solanum demissum × S. tuberosum
• Tetragonia tetragonioides
• Trifolium incarnatum
• Vicia faba
• Vigna unguiculata

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Amaranthaceae (1/1)
• Caprifoliaceae (8/8)
• Chenopodiaceae (3/4)
• Cucurbitaceae (1/1)
• Solanaceae (5/9)

Families containing insusceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (1/4)
• Compositae (1/1)
• Cruciferae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (4/4)
• Solanaceae (4/9)
• Tetragoniaceae (1/1)

Comments on host-range

Sap from infected Lonicera does not infect Chenopodium quinoa, but that from infected Nicotiana megalosiphon does. In later serial transfers from C. quinoa to C. quinoa the virus becomes adapted to C. quinoa and causes local lesions and systemic mosaic (Van der Meer et al., 1980).

Sources of host-range data

Brunt et al. (1980); Van der Meer et al. (1980).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 75-85 °C. LIV: 2-8 days (at 20ºC). DEP: log₁₀ minus 3-4. Leaf sap contains few virions.

Purification method

Brunt et al. (1980).

Particle morphology

Virions filamentous; not enveloped; usually flexuous; with a clear modal length; of 650 nm; 13 nm wide.

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 157 S. Density 1.31 g cm^-3 in CsCl. A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio 1.12.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 5 % nucleic acid; 95 % protein.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded; linear. Total genome size 8 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 8 kb.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 31000; coat protein.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Taxonomy and relationships

Carlavirus

Virus(es) with serologically related virions

Shallot latent, poplar mosaic and possibly red clover vein mosaic viruses.

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

Carnation latent, chrysanthemum B, cowpea mild mottle, elderberry A, hippeastrum latent, hop latent, lily symptomless, nerine latent, narcissus latent, passiflora latent, pea streak, potato M, potato S and white bryony mosaic viruses.

Additional comments on relationships

Honeysuckle latent virus does not infect Vigna unguiculata and Phaseolus vulgaris, whereas poplar mosaic virus induces local lesions in inoculated leaves of these species (Van der Meer et al., 1980). Honeysuckle latent virus infects Nicotiana clevelandii systemically (Van der Meer et al., 1980), whereas shallot latent virus does not (Bos et al., 1978).

Best tests for diagnosis

Honeysuckle latent virus may occur in mixed infections with tobacco leaf curl geminivirus (Osaki et al., 1977), cucumber mosaic virus (Lihnell, 1951; Brunt and Thomas, 1976; Van der Meer, 1984) or with an unidentified virus with isometric virions (Huttinga, 1977); honeysuckle latent virus can be distinguished from these by the size and shape of its virions.

Comments and References

References

• Bos, L., Huttinga, H. and Maat, D.Z. (1978). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 84: 227.
• Brunt, A.A. and Thomas, B.J. (1976). Rep. Glasshouse Crops Res. Inst. 1975, p. 124.
• Brunt, A.A., Phillips, S. and Thomas, B.J. (1980). Acta Hort. 110: 205.
• Brunt, A.A. and van der Meer, F.A. (1984). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 289, 4 pp.
• Huttinga, H. (1977). Rep. Res. Inst. Pl. Prot., Wageningen 1976, p. 31.
• Lihnell, D. (1951). Vaxteskyddsnotiser 15: 52.
• Osaki, T., Kobatake, H. and Inouye, T. (1979). Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 45: 62.
• Van der Meer, F.A. (1985). Rep. Res. Inst. Pl. Prot. Wageningen 1984, p. 35.
• Van der Meer, F.A., Maat, D.Z. and Vink, J. (1980). Neth. J. Pl. Path. 86: 69.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.