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Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database

Hibiscus chlorotic ringspot carmovirus

Index

• Nomenclature
• Host range, transmission and symptoms
• Physical and biochemical properties
• Taxonomy and relationships
• Comments and References

Data collated by C. Büchen-Osmond, 1987. Revised by R. Bonfiglioli and K. Gibb, 1991.

Nomenclature

Acronym

HCRSV

ICTV decimal code

74.0.2.0.008

Host range and symptoms

Natural host range and symptoms

Symptoms persist.
• Hibiscus rosa-sinensis - mottling or chlorotic spots, rings or vein-banding. Very variable.
• Abelmoschus manihot - mosaic.

Transmission

Transmitted by means not involving a vector; is not transmitted by Myzus persicae, nor by Epilachna varivestis. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation.

Ecology and control

Studies reported by Waterworth (1980).

Geographical distribution

Spreads in Australia, El Salvador, Fiji, the Solomon Islands, Thailand, and the USA.

Experimental host range

Several (3-9) families susceptible.

Diagnostically susceptible host species and symptoms

• Chenopodium quinoa - chlorotic local lesions, not systemic.
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Gossypium hirsutum, Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica - necrotic local lesions, not systemic.
• Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf) - ringspots, local lesions, then systemic mottle.
• Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Pinto - small local lesions, not systemic.

Maintenance and propagation hosts

Hibiscus cannabinus - for purification. Althaea spp. and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis - for maintaining cultures.

Assay hosts (Local lesions or Whole plants)

Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L); Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica (L). Hibiscus cannabinus (L) is the most sensitive host.

Susceptible host species

• Abelmoschus manihot
• Althaea
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
• Gossypium hirsutum
• Hibiscus cannabinus
• Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
• Phaseolus vulgaris
• Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica

Families containing susceptible hosts

• Chenopodiaceae (1/1)
• Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (3/3)
• Malvaceae (5/5)

Sources of host-range data

Waterworth et al. (1976).

Physical and biochemical properties

Properties of particles in sap

TIP: 72 °C. LIV: 30 days (at 20ºC). DEP: log₁₀ minus 8. Leaf sap contains many virions.

Purification method

Waterworth et al. (1976); Jones and Behncken (1980).

Particle morphology

Virions isometric; not enveloped; 28 nm in diameter; angular in profile; with a conspicuous capsomere arrangement (negative stain apparently penetrates about one virion in five - Waterworth et al., 1976; Jones and Behncken, 1980).

Physical properties

One sedimenting component in purified preparations; sedimentation coefficient 118 S (Jones and Behncken, 1980; Waterworth et al., 1976). Density 1.35 g cm^-3 in CsCl.

Biochemical properties

Virions contain 14 % nucleic acid; 86 % protein; 0 % lipid.

Genome consists of RNA; single-stranded. Total genome size 4.4 kb. Genome unipartite; largest (or only) genome part 4.4 kb. Base composition 23.8 % G; 25.5 % A; 26.4 % C; 24.3 % U.

Features of proteins

Virion protein(s) one; M_r 44100; coat protein.

Replication

Replication does not depend on a helper virus.

Cytopathology

Virions found in mesophyll; in cytoplasm and in cell vacuoles (of broken cells). Inclusions absent from infected cells.

Taxonomy and relationships

Carmovirus: Tombusviridae

Virus(es) with serologically unrelated virions

45 viruses with isometric virions (Waterworth et al., 1976), including okra mosaic virus (Givord and Hirth, 1973) and hibiscus latent ringspot virus (Brunt et al., 1980). Isolates from the U.S.A. and El Salvador (Waterworth et al., 1976), Australia (Jones and Behncken, 1980), Fiji (Brunt, 1980) and Thailand (H.C. Phatak, unpublished data) are serologically indistinguishable.

Additional comments on relationships

Hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus may be related to, or the same, as an agent that induces a mosaic disease of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis in Hawaii (Hendrix and Murakishi, 1951).

Best tests for diagnosis

Hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus is just one of several viruses that infect Malvaceae in nature. Others include
• (1) okra mosaic tymovirus which causes a mosaic in Abelmoschus esculentus (Givord and Hirth, 1973).
• (2) hibiscus latent ringspot nepovirus which sediments as 3 components and causes leaf chlorosis in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Brunt et al., 1980).
• (3) malva yellows luteovirus is an aphid-transmitted virus found in many species that hibiscus chlorotic ringspot does not infect (Costa et al., 1959).
• (4) chlorosis in Malvaceae is caused by abutilon mosaic bigeminivirus and is transmitted by whitefly (Flores and Silberschmidt, 1967; Costa, 1954).
• (5) yellow vein mosaic of Abelmoschus esculentus (bhendi) (Capoor and Varma, 1950), of A. esculentus (okra) and of Gossypium hirstutum (cotton) (Santry and Singh, 1973).
• (6) hibiscus line pattern which is not transmissible by sap inoculation (Wolfswinkel, 1966).
• (7) leaf curl virus which induces different symptoms (Makherjie and Raychaudhuri, 1964).

Comments and References

References

• Brunt, A.A. (1980). UNDP/FAO Survey of Plant Virus Diseases in Fiji.
• Brunt, A.A., Barton, R.J., Phillips, S. and Lana, A.O. (1980). Ann. appl. Biol. 96: 37.
• Capoor, S.P. and Varma, P.M. (1950). Ind. J. agric. Sci. 20: 217.
• Costa, A.S. (1954). Bragantia 13: 23.
• Costa, A.S., Duffus, J.E. and Bardin, R. (1959). J. Am. Soc. Sug. Beet Technol. 10: 371.
• Flores, E. and Silberschmidt, K. (1967). Phytopath. Z. 60: 181.
• Givord, L. and Hirth, L. (1973). Ann. appl. Biol. 74: 359.
• Hendrix, J.W. and Murakishi, H. (1951). Rep. Hawaii Univ. agric. Exp. Stn 1948-1950, p. 123.
• Jones, D.R. and Behncken, G.M. (1980). Aust. Plant Path. 9: 4.
• Lana, A.O. (1974). Pl. Dis. Reptr 58: 1040.
• Mukherjee, A.K. and Raychaudhuri, P. (1964). Indian J. Hort. 21: 176.
• Sastry, K.S.M. and Singh, S.J. (1973). Indian Phytopath. 26: 136.
• Van Velsen, R.J. (1967). Papua New Guin. agric. J. 19: 10.
• Waterworth, H.E. (1980). CMI/AAB Descr. Pl. Viruses No. 227, 4 pp.
• Waterworth, H.E., Lawson, R.H. and Monroe, R.L. (1976). Phytopathology 66: 570.
• Wolfswinkel, L.D. (1966). S. Afr. J. agric. Sci. 9: 483.

Cite this publication as: Brunt, A.A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M.J., Gibbs, A.J., Watson, L. and Zurcher, E.J. (eds.) (1996 onwards). `Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20^th August 1996.' URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/

Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993) should also be cited.